A Retrospective Analysis on Phylogeny and Evolution of CPV Isolates in China

Han, Song; Qi, Baozhu; Zhang, Xiaoying

doi:10.3923/ajava.2011.1204.1213

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Despite new CPV-2a/2b variants being the prevalent strains in Asia for many years [ 19 , 20 ], a CPV-2c variant with specific genetic markers has been sporadically detected in the continent since 2009, and its detection rate has increased through the years, becoming the predominant CPV-2 variant in some Asian countries since 2018 [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The introduction of an Asian CPV-2c strain in Europe through dog importation in 2017, and its rapid spread in the following years, both in domestic dogs and wild carnivorans, has been documented in Italy [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Divergent Asian-like Canine Parvovirus Type 2b (CPV-2b) Strain in Southern Italy

Schirò

Mira

Canuti

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is an infectious agent relevant to domestic and wild carnivorans. Recent studies documented the introduction and spread of CPV-2c strains of Asian origin in the Italian canine population. We investigated tissue samples from a puppy collected during necropsy for the presence of viral enteropathogens and all samples tested positive only for CPV-2. The full coding sequence of a CPV-2b (VP2 426Asp) strain was obtained. This virus was related to CPV-2c strains of Asian origin and unrelated to European CPV-2b strains. The sequence had genetic signatures typical of Asian strains (NS1: 60Val, 545Val, 630Pro; VP2: 5Gly, 267Tyr, 324Ile) and mutations rarely reported in Asian CPV-2b strains (NS1: 588N; VP2: 370Arg). Phylogenetic analyses placed this strain in well-supported clades, including Asian CPV-2c-like strains, but always as a basal, single-sequence long branch. No recombination was observed for this strain, and we speculate that it could have originated from an Asian CPV-2c-like strain that acquired the 426Asp mutation. This study reports the first evidence of an Asian-like CPV-2b strain in Italy, confirming the occurrence of continuous changes in the global CPV-2 spread. Since positive convergent mutations complicate data interpretation, a combination of phylogenetic and mutation pattern analyses is crucial in studying the origin and evolution of CPV-2 strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Divergent Asian-like Canine Parvovirus Type 2b (CPV-2b) Strain in Southern Italy

Schirò

Mira

Canuti

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…According to reports before 2015, CPV-2c (426Glu) was rarely detected in China [ 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. After 2015, although its number increased, new CPV-2a (297Ala, 426Asn) constituted the highest proportion of cases in China according to most reports [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1990s, most of the CPV-2 variants detected were new CPV-2a/2b variants, which seemed to completely replace the original CPV-2a/2b strains. New CPV-2a has been the dominant genotype since the 1990s [ 23 , 24 ]. The CPV-2c variant was initially detected in 2009 and has shown a continuous uptrend in infections since 2010 [ 23 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019

et al. 2021

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The global distribution of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) derived from a closely related carnivore parvovirus poses a considerable threat to the dog population. The virus is continuously undergoing genetic evolution, giving rise to several variants. To investigate the prevalence of Chinese CPV-2 strains in recent years, a total of 30 CPV-2 strains were collected from 2018 to 2021 and the VP2 gene was sequenced and analyzed. Two variants, new CPV-2a (297Ala, 426Asn) and CPV-2c (426Glu), were identified. In contrast to previous reports, the CPV-2c variant has gained an epidemiological advantage over the new CPV-2a variant in China. To compensate for the relatively small sample size, 683 Chinese CPV-2 strains identified between 2014 and 2019 were retrieved from the GenBank database and previous publications, and analyses of these strains further supported our findings, which should be considered since the CPV-2c variant has been frequently associated with immune failure in adult dogs. VP2 protein sequence analysis revealed several amino acid substitutions, including Ala5Gly, Pro13Ser, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg, Thr440Ala, and Lys570Arg. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP2 gene indicated a close relationship between Chinese strains and other Asian strains, suggesting mutual transmission between Asian countries. Furthermore, intercontinental transmission is a cause for concern. Surprisingly, two feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) strains with the Ile101Thr mutation in the VP2 protein were identified in canine fecal samples; FPV has been considered incapable of infecting dogs. This study clarified the epidemic characteristics of Chinese CPV-2 strains detected between 2014 and 2019, offering a reference for epidemic control. In addition, the detection of FPV in canine samples may provide information for future studies on the evolution of carnivore parvoviruses.

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Phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus partial VP2 gene in India

et al. 2013

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A total of 85 samples (58.0 %) were found to be positive for Canine parvovirus (CPV) by PCR assay (Hfor/Hrev primers) out of 158 suspected faecal samples of dogs collected from various states/union territories of India. Nine CPV isolates could be obtained in A-72 cell line. The sequencing of the partial VP2 gene of CPV identified the predominant CPV strain as CPV-2a (Ser297Ala) with one CPV-2b (Ser297Ala) and another CPV-2a variant strain (Ser297Gly). Several non-synonymous and synonymous mutations were also recorded in this study. The phylogenetic tree revealed that most of the CPV sequences from Tamil Nadu (Southern India) and Maharashtra (Western India) obtained during 2011 and few sequences from Northern India obtained during 2012 were grouped together along with CPV-2a (Ser297Ala) strains from China and India and followed the same evolution; although there was definitive indication of separate lineages too by few other sequences.

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A Retrospective Analysis on Phylogeny and Evolution of CPV Isolates in China

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Divergent Asian-like Canine Parvovirus Type 2b (CPV-2b) Strain in Southern Italy

Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Divergent Asian-like Canine Parvovirus Type 2b (CPV-2b) Strain in Southern Italy

Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Canine Parvovirus Circulating in China from 2014 to 2019

Phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus partial VP2 gene in India

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