A Retrospective Study on Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Intracranial Cerebral Hemorrhage

Abstract

Objective. This study aimed to explore the risk factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with intracranial cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Design. This is a retrospective study, and a total of 77 patients with ICH consecutively admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China) during the period of August 2015 to August 2017 were included. The patients were divided into an UTI group (24 cases) and a non-UTI group (53 cases); patients with UTI were diagnosed according to clinical manifestations, recent urinary routines, and urine culture results. The following information in these two groups was recorded: age, sex, course of disease, side of paralysis, location and type of cerebral hemorrhage, disturbance of consciousness or not, the Brunnstrom stage of paralysed lower limbs, number of basic diseases, whether there were complications (tracheotomy, retention catheterization, pulmonary infection, pressure sore, deep venous thrombosis, etc.), whether rehabilitation interventions were conducted, blood routine, biochemistry index, DIC complete set, urine routine, and urine culture data. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to examine the risk factors of UTI in patients with ICH. Results. Univariate analysis showed that age, side of paralysis, disturbance of consciousness, the Brunnstrom stage of lower limbs, tracheotomies, retention catheterization, pulmonary infection, leukocyte count, neutrophil proportion, sodium, uric acid, D-dimer, and fibrinogen may be related to UTI in patients with ICH (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that age (OR (95% CI) = 1.207 (1.022–1.424), P=0.026), right-sided paralysis (OR (95% CI) = 0.20 (0.001–0.650), P=0.028), and D-dimer (OR (95% CI) = 1.403 (1.003–1.961), P=0.048) were associated with UTI in ICH patients. Conclusions. Increased age and high D-dimer are independent risk factors for UTI in patients with ICH, while right-sided paralysis is a protective factor for UTI in patients with ICH.

Analysis of Etiology and Risk Factors of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Critically Ill Patients and Research on Corresponding Prevention and Nursing Measures

“…The most common and important complication is the CAUTI. It is also one of the most common infections in the world [ 3 , 4 ]. CAUTI not only affects the success rate of patient treatment, but is also the main reason for the prolonged hospitalization time and the substantial increase in hospitalization costs [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Prediction of upcoming urinary tract infection after intracerebral hemorrhage: a machine learning approach based on statistics collected at multiple time points

“…Similarly, another study suggested that laboratory results collected on the 2nd day of admission were also related, including higher interleukin-6, and lower hemoglobin ( 14 ). Moreover, postvoid residual volume >100 mL, longer length of hospital stays, prolonged duration of an indwelling catheter, higher modified Rankin scale score, higher white blood cell count, higher copeptin, and higher procalcitonin were also reported to be high-risk factors for UTI after stroke ( 6 , 8 , 9 , 13 , 15 – 18 , 33 – 35 ). Our analysis identified several features that were associated with a higher risk of UTI in ICH patients.…”

A retrospective study on risk factors and disease burden for hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria in patients with intracranial cerebral hemorrhage

“…Furthermore, lumbar puncture ( p < 0.001), urinary catheter insertion ( p < 0.001), and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) ( p < 0.001), which were common to see during the treatment of ICH, were also found to be risk factors associated with HAP statistically. Although these invasive procedures cannot cause HAP directly, they can suppress immune function by causing intracranial infection and urinary tract infection [ 23 , 24 ], which emphasizes the importance of safe practice, especially the management of equipment in patient care, such as the aseptic technique in catheter use. Interestingly, hematoma drainage tube insertion was found to be a protective factor associated with HAP ( p < 0.001).…”