A Retrospective Study on the Epidemiology of Anthrax Among Livestock from 2011 to 2020 in Awi Administrative Zone, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Seyoum, Alemu Fetene; Bitew, Abebe Belete; Negussie, Haileleul

doi:10.2147/vmrr.s384794

“…Economic losses are due to the mortality of infected animals and animals in the post-vaccination period, the reduction of animal products, the complete destruction of carcasses and by-products, and the closure of slaughterhouses [109]. The anthrax death rate varies among animal species [17]. Pigs often recover from this disease, but clinical infection in ruminants and horses usually causes death [22].…”

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease can manifest in peracute, acute, subacute, and chronic forms in animals [1]. In cases of severe infection, animals may die within 48-72 h, and blood may fail to clot and seep from the nose, mouth, and anus [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthrax disease burden: Impact on animal and human health

Khairullah,

Kurniawan,

Effendi

et al. 2024

Int J One Health

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. According to current knowledge, the disease originates in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Egypt and Mesopotamia. Laboratory tests involving direct staining or culture of samples taken from malignant pustules, sputum, blood, or patient discharge must be performed to establish a diagnosis. B. anthracis infection can enter the body through the skin, mouth, or nose. Human infection is usually caused by contact with infected animals or animal products. Anthrax causes a reduction in resource efficiency and decreases livestock productivity. B. anthracis spores are resistant to extreme temperatures, pressure, pH, drying, solvents, and ultraviolet light. The biological weapon of this disease may be fatal if it is designed to spread B. anthracis spores by aerosols. In the past, the treatment of human anthrax with penicillin at a high dose was the preferred method. The public can take several measures to prevent anthrax infection, such as purchasing and consuming meat that has been legally certified to have been slaughtered in a slaughterhouse, consuming healthy and properly cooked animal meat, and washing hands with antiseptic soap after handling, processing, and cooking animal products. This review aimed to describe the etiology, pathogenesis, mechanism of infection, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, potential as a bio-warfare agent, treatment, and control of anthrax. Keywords: animal health, anthrax, human health, infectious disease.

show abstract

“…The occurrence of anthrax has been reported in several countries. However, due to its sporadic occurrence, it has yet to be addressed in several regions worldwide [13]. This zoonotic disease is characterised by its severity and impact on both domestic and wild herbivores, including goats, pigs, cows, sheep, and deer, which may lead to the death of the animals if not properly treated (CDC, 2024).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Transmission Of Anthraxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthrax is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease that is attributed to the aerobic, rod-like Gram-positive bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. This disease primarily affects domestic and wild herbivores through the consumption of vegetation, water or soil and inhalation of air or dust contaminated with highly resistant B. anthracis spores. Humans become infected through inhalation, ingestion of animal and animal products, injection of hard drugs and cutaneous routes through contact with infected animals or carcasses. The outbreak of anthrax frequently occurs in regions with high levels of agricultural practices, including Africa and Asia. Although endemic in West Africa, Nigeria recorded her first anthrax case in July 2023, which led to the mortality of eight farm animals. Several factors may have contributed to this outbreak including changes in soil pH, moisture levels, porosity and texture and the recent outbreak in Ghana, a neighboring country. Strategies to control human anthrax infections are mostly tied to those that limit the occurrence of anthrax in animals and reduce human exposure to diseased/deceased animals or their byproducts. The most effective ways to prevent and treat animal anthrax are annual vaccination (preventive and ring), quarantine and use of antibiotics. Furthermore, it is important that public health and animal health institutions collaborate promptly on the detection of anthrax within a given area. This collaboration aims to enhance awareness among medical professionals, animal health practitioners, and those residing in the affected region.

show abstract

“…The occurrence of anthrax has been reported in several countries. However, due to its sporadic occurrence, it has yet to be addressed in several regions worldwide [13]. This zoonotic disease is characterised by its severity and impact on both domestic and wild herbivores, including goats, pigs, cows, sheep, and deer, which may lead to the death of the animals if not properly treated (CDC, 2024).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Transmission Of Anthraxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthrax Outbreak in Nigeria: An Issue for Concern?

Tolulope Sharon,

Elohor,

Oluwabusola

2023

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthrax is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease that is attributed to the aerobic, rod-like Gram-positive bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. This disease primarily affects domestic and wild herbivores through the consumption of vegetation, water or soil and inhalation of air or dust contaminated with highly resistant B. anthracis spores. Humans become infected through inhalation, ingestion of animal and animal products, injection of hard drugs and cutaneous routes through contact with infected animals or carcasses. The outbreak of anthrax frequently occurs in regions with high levels of agricultural practices, including Africa and Asia. Although endemic in West Africa, Nigeria recorded her first anthrax case in July 2023, which led to the mortality of eight farm animals. Several factors may have contributed to this outbreak including changes in soil pH, moisture levels, porosity and texture and the recent outbreak in Ghana, a neighboring country. Strategies to control human anthrax infections are mostly tied to those that limit the occurrence of anthrax in animals and reduce human exposure to diseased/deceased animals or their byproducts. The most effective ways to prevent and treat animal anthrax are annual vaccination (preventive and ring), quarantine and use of antibiotics. Furthermore, it is important that public health and animal health institutions collaborate promptly on the detection of anthrax within a given area. This collaboration aims to enhance awareness among medical professionals, animal health practitioners, and those residing in the affected region.

show abstract

A Retrospective Study on the Epidemiology of Anthrax Among Livestock from 2011 to 2020 in Awi Administrative Zone, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Anthrax disease burden: Impact on animal and human health

Anthrax disease burden: Impact on animal and human health

Untitled

Anthrax Outbreak in Nigeria: An Issue for Concern?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About