“…By effectively incorporating these nanomaterials, researchers aim to achieve a range of desirable outcomes, including enhanced properties such as mechanical properties (tensile strength, fracture toughness, and flexural modulus), thermal stability, electrical conductivity, flame retardant, barrier properties against gas and moisture permeation. Among the various nanoadditives investigated for epoxy matrices, nano zinc oxide (ZnO) has garnered significant attention due to its multifaceted properties and versatile applications 18–26 . Nano ZnO, composed of zinc and oxygen atoms arranged in a hexagonal crystal lattice, exhibits unique physical, chemical, and optical characteristics that make it an attractive candidate for enhancing epoxy resin performance.…”