A Review: Date Palm Irrigation Methods and Water Resources in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

El-Feky, A. A.; Elfaki, Jamal

doi:10.9734/jerr/2019/v9i217012

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is important for food production as well as food security. Arab countries produced 75 percent of global date production (about 5,096.99 tons) (Elfeky & Elfaki, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits: Nutritional Properties and Potential Applications

Alhuzali

Jibrin²,

Aljaber³

et al. 2023

المجلة العربية للعلوم الزراعية

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Date palm is one of the oldest fruit trees on Earth and has been closely associated with human life in the Middle East since ancient times, including Saudi Arabia, which is the parent country of date palm, the second largest producer of date fruit in the world and the ranks of developed countries in the cultivation and production of dates of all kinds. Relative discrimination is due to two reasons in this area; Geographical location, located in the desert area, and the experience of Saudi farmers. Dates have a high nutritional value, and are rich in dietary carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, minerals, and multivitamins, including vitamin B compound. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the health-enhancing properties of dates, resulting in the need todevelop food products that use dates as a rich source of nutrients. Given the increase in dates' annual wastage, estimated at 20-30 %, which is not marketable or excess production from previous years, the nutritional value is not used or exploited. Accordingly, this review focuses on the use of diversified dietary applications with high nutritional value.

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“…It is important for food production as well as food security. Arab countries produced 75 percent of global date production (about 5,096.99 tons) (Elfeky & Elfaki, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits: Nutritional Properties and Potential Applications

Alhuzali

Jibrin²,

Aljaber³

et al. 2023

المجلة العربية للعلوم الزراعية

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“…It can also be operated at a lower pressure than conventional pressurized irrigation methods, resulting in energy savings [28]. The yield of drip-irrigated palms was found to be higher than that of sprinkler-irrigated trees [29]. The system outperforms sprinkler and surface irrigation methods [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is not affected by high wind velocity as the water is applied directly to plants' root zones [41,42]. Higher crop yields, saving of water, increased fertilizer use efficiency, reduced energy consumption, tolerance to windy atmospheric conditions, reduced labor cost, minimized pest and disease problems, suitability in sloppy lands, and improved soil tolerance to salinity are just a few advantages of subsurface drip irrigation system over other irrigation methods [10,29,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Although traditional surface irrigation systems produce the highest date palm yields by consuming more water [29,47], modern micro-irrigation systems can use less irrigation water and produce comparable yields [41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Automated Irrigation Systems and Water Regimes on Soil Properties, Water Productivity, Yield and Fruit Quality of Date Palm

et al. 2022

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Applications of modern micro-irrigation methods are inevitable for optimum water use due to the limitations imposed by irrigation water resource scarcity. Regardless of water shortages and associated challenges in dry areas, the irrigation of date palm trees consumes an excessive quantity of water annually using conventional irrigation methods. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of modern surface and subsurface micro-irrigation systems, i.e., subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI), controlled surface irrigation (CSI), and surface drip-irrigation methods (SDI), with different irrigation water regimes, i.e., 50%, 75%, and 100% irrigation water requirements (IWRs), on the yield and fruit quality of date palms (cv. Khalas) and water conservation in the dryland region of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The effects of three irrigation methods and IWRs were studied on macronutrients and soil chemical properties at three depths (0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm), as well as on water productivity, yield, and the fruit quality of date palms. The study was carried out over two years and was designed using a two-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine replications. The results indicated that electrical conductivity (EC) increased as the depth of the soil increased. The soil chemical properties did not change much in all experimental treatments, while soil pH values decreased with the soil depth from 0–30 to 60–90 cm. Although the maximum fruit yield (96.62 kg palm−1) was recorded when 100% irrigation water was applied in the SSDI system, other treatment combinations, such as SDI at 100% IWR (84.86 kg palm−1), SSDI at 75% IWR (84.84 kg palm−1), and CSI at 100% IWR (83.86 kg palm−1) behaved alike and showed promising results. Similarly, the highest irrigation water productivity (2.11 kg m−3) was observed in the SSDI system at 50% IWR, followed by the SSDI at 75% IWR (1.64 kg m−3) and 100% IWR (1.40 kg m−3). Fruit quality attributes were also promoted with the SSDI system at 75% IWR. Hence, the SSDI method at 75% IWR appeared to be an optimal choice for date palm irrigation in arid areas due to its positive impact on water conservation and fruit characteristics without affecting soil chemical properties.

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“…The sources of water for agriculture are desalinated water, surface water, advanced treated water, and groundwater (Napoli and García-Téllez 2016). Because of the scarcity of good quality water, saline water is used in date palm irrigation because of the general idea that the date palm is a salt-tolerant tree (Elfeky and Elfaki 2019). Generally in irrigation, energy plays a vital role in the extraction, treatment and transportation of water (Napoli and García-Téllez 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the KSA, the date palm occupies approximately 12% of the total area cultivated, and date production quantities accounted for approximately 27% of total agricultural production, indicating that date production constitutes more than one-fourth of total agricultural production (FAO 2019a). Because of the scarcity of water in the KSA, date palm irrigation depends mainly on underground water, desalinated water, and treated water (Elfeky and Elfaki 2019). Generally, the date palm tree produces approximately 40 kg of burnable waste, including dried leaves, spathes, sheaths, and petioles annually (Mallaki and Rouhollah 2014), which is why we selected date production as a variable in this study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and future: Does agriculture affect economic growth and the environment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?

Emam¹

2022

Agric. Econ. - Czech

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Global climate change is a crucial environmental issue. Worldwide warming is primarily caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) emission levels. Agricultural production is among many economic activities driving CO2 creation and environmental degradation. In this study, we aim to disclose the effect of agricultural production (date production) on the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP) and the environment (CO2 emissions). We collected data on date production, AGDP and CO2 emissions from different resources covering the period from 1990 to 2019. To analyse the data, we used the Engle-Granger two-step procedure, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds methods of analysis, regression analysis and forecasting tests. Results from fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) analyses helped confirm the results of the ARDL model. The results revealed that there are long-run relationships between AGDP and date production and between CO2 emissions and date production. The first result is consequent with theory and leads to economic growth, whereas the second result indicates a negative effect on the environment. To ascertain which production factors were responsible for this negative result, we ran a regression analysis, and the results indicated that the coefficient of electricity consumption (independent variable) was positive and highly significant in explaining the variability of CO2 emissions. The results of the regression analysis also showed that agriculture affected the environment negatively through increasing CO2 emissions during the study period. Forecasting analysis results showed a decrease in CO2 emissions for the period from 2020 to 2026. The study results lead us to recommend that, to increase economic growth, date production should be increased along with the synchronised use of renewable sources of electricity. The governmental effort to sustain the environment also should be increased and continued through increasing the share of renewable electricity in total electricity consumption.

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A Review: Date Palm Irrigation Methods and Water Resources in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits: Nutritional Properties and Potential Applications

Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruits: Nutritional Properties and Potential Applications

Effects of Automated Irrigation Systems and Water Regimes on Soil Properties, Water Productivity, Yield and Fruit Quality of Date Palm

Present and future: Does agriculture affect economic growth and the environment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?

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