A Review Leveraging a Rare and Unusual Case of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate

He, Lin; Metter, Christopher; Margulis, Vitaly; Kapur, Payal

doi:10.1155/2021/5520581

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…BCC of the prostate metastasizes most commonly in visceral organs (liver, lungs), rarely in bones. 4 In our case, the tumor was limited to the prostate and bladder. During the follow-up after six months, there was an enlarged lymph node in the right iliac fossa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The first case of prostatic BCC was published in 1974; to date, there are no more than 150 cases reported in the literature. 3 , 4 Usually, it is detected in patients aged 50 to 70 years, mostly arises in the transitory zone and the patients present with nocturia, urgency and urinary obstruction. 3 , 5 , 6 PSA is usually not elevated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Misdiagnosed as High-Grade Urothelial Cancer – A Case Report of a Diagnostic Pitfall

Taskovska¹,

Frelih²,

Smrkolj³

et al. 2023

RRU

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Purpose Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare. Usually, it is diagnosed in elderly men with nocturia, urgency, lower urinary tract obstruction and normal PSA. Case Presentation We report on a case of a 56-years-old patient who presented at the emergency ward with weight loss, nausea and vomiting. The diagnostic evaluation showed acute renal failure due to a bladder tumor. After admission to the urology ward and subsequent contrast-enhanced CT urography and contrast-enhanced chest CT, a non-metastatic bladder tumor that infiltrated the right side of the bladder and seminal vesicles was found. High-grade muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma was diagnosed from TURBT specimens, followed by radical cystoprostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and formation of ureterocutaneostomy sec. Bricker. The histopathological examination of the resection specimen surprisingly revealed the presence of prostatic basal cell carcinoma pT4N0M0 and not urothelial cancer. Due to renal failure, the patient required hemodialysis. The recommendation of the multidisciplinary oncological meeting was to follow up with the patient by the surgeon-urologist. On imaging six months after surgery, it was suspicious for recurrence. Patient was considered for adjuvant oncological treatment. Conclusion Although rare, basal cell carcinoma of the prostate should be considered in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, hematuria and normal PSA. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is indicated in patients presenting with hematuria and bladder tumor. In evaluation of such cases rare histological types should be included in the differential diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Misdiagnosed as High-Grade Urothelial Cancer – A Case Report of a Diagnostic Pitfall

Taskovska¹,

Frelih²,

Smrkolj³

et al. 2023

RRU

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“…Approximately 89% of patients with BCCP initially present with predominantly obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms, while others present with hematuria ( 8 ). The serum PSA levels are usually within normal limits, which results in its misdiagnosis as prostatic hyperplasia ( 12 ). Its diagnosis is often confirmed by histopathological examination after transurethral resection of the prostate ( 8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other markers such as CD44 and P53 may also be useful in the diagnosis of prostate basal cell carcinoma, but the results are inconsistent ( 8 ). The strong expression of Bcl-2 and increased Ki-67, which are associated with the grade of malignant tumors, help to distinguish it from benign basal cell hyperplasia ( 8 , 12 ). There is typically no PSA or PAP immunostaining in BCCP ( 8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate with squamous metaplasia: A case report and literature review

Wang

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate (BCCP) is a rare tumor with a total incidence of 140 cases to date. However, BCCP with squamous metaplasia has not been reported as of date. In this paper, we report the first case of BCCP with squamous metaplasia. The patient was hospitalized for progressive dyspareunia and had been treated for recurrent urinary retention four times in 5 years. Rectal examination showed that the prostate was medium in texture with no palpable nodules. The levels of total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), and fPSA/tPSA (f/t) ratio were 1.29 ng/mL, 0.4 ng/mL, and 0.31, respectively. Ultrasound of the urinary tract showed that the prostate gland was 51 mm*40 mm*38 mm in size. We performed transurethral resection of the prostate. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma with focal squamous differentiation, and immunohistochemical staining was positive for P63 and 34βE12. A laparoscopic radical prostatectomy was performed 45 days after the first surgery and the postoperative pathology showed a small amount of residual tumor with negative margins and no involvement of the seminal vesicles and vas deferens. The patient was followed up for 50 months and was doing well by the end of our study. We describe the clinical symptoms, pathological features, treatment, and prognosis of patients with BCCP with squamous metaplasia. The relevant published literature is also briefly reviewed.

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“…It has been consistently documented that prostate basal cell carcinoma is very rare, accounting for only about 0.01% of the total prostate malignancies 69 - 73 , which strongly suggests that the prostate basal cell population is very unlikely to be a major target of the prostate carcinogenesis. However, it has also been consistently demonstrated that the PBCL belongs to a self-renewal cell population 74 - 80 . For this and other reasons, the PBCL population itself also frequently suffers from a variety of degeneration- and regeneration-related pathologic alterations that includes, but is not limited to the following:…”

Section: The Pbcl Itself Is the Target Of A Variety Of Pathologic Alt...mentioning

confidence: 97%

The most effective but largely ignored target for prostate cancer early detection and intervention

Man¹,

Mannion²,

Jewett³

et al. 2022

J. Cancer

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Over the past two decades, the global efforts for the early detection and intervention of prostate cancer seem to have made significant progresses in the basic researches, but the clinic outcomes have been disappointing: (1) prostate cancer is still the most common non-cutaneous cancer in Europe in men, (2) the age-standardized prostate cancer rate has increased in nearly all Asian and African countries, (3) the proportion of advanced cancers at the diagnosis has increased to 8.2% from 3.9% in the USA, (4) the worldwide use of PSA testing and digital rectal examination have failed to reduce the prostate cancer mortality, and (5) there is still no effective preventive method to significantly reduce the development, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer… Together, these facts strongly suggest that the global efforts during the past appear to be not in a correlated target with markedly inconsistent basic research and clinic outcomes. The most likely cause for the inconsistence appears due to the fact that basic scientific studies are traditionally conducted on the cell lines and animal models, where it is impossible to completely reflect or replicate the in vivo status. Thus, we would like to propose the human prostate basal cell layer (PBCL) as “the most effective target for the early detection and intervention of prostate cancer”. Our proposal is based on the morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence from our recent studies of normal and cancerous human prostate tissues with detailed clinic follow-up data. We believe that the human tissue-derived basic research data may provide a more realistic roadmap to guide the clinic practice and to avoid the potential misleading from in vitro and animal studies.

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A Review Leveraging a Rare and Unusual Case of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Misdiagnosed as High-Grade Urothelial Cancer – A Case Report of a Diagnostic Pitfall

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate Misdiagnosed as High-Grade Urothelial Cancer – A Case Report of a Diagnostic Pitfall

Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate with squamous metaplasia: A case report and literature review

The most effective but largely ignored target for prostate cancer early detection and intervention

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