A review of current and future powertrain technologies and trends in 2020

Conway, Graham; Joshi, Ameya; Leach, Felix; García, Antonio; Senecal, P. K.

doi:10.1016/j.treng.2021.100080

Cited by 115 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, as the temperature increases, the increase of exergy sensitivity to temperature is more obvious than enthalpy. On the other hand, for the flow pressure p, the impact on flow specific exergy decreases at the high-pressure range; and for specific enthalpy, it does not affect it, since the pressure term is not included in the computation of specific enthalpy (1). For the flow velocity v, a comparable effect is noticed on enthalpy and exergy.…”

Section: Analytical Solutions For the Sensitivity To Flow Parametersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In an attempt to discuss the sensitivity of each parameter, results are demonstrated as contour plots in Figure 9. The analysis was conducted in two steps: (1) fixing the values of target parameters with selected low and high values, marked on the top of each contour plot;…”

Section: Analytical Solutions For the Sensitivity To Flow Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To meet CO 2 emissions legislation, accelerating the electrification of transportation is one solution, which is resulting in the demand for improving the thermal efficiencies of technology that is in-use for internal combustion engines (ICEs) [1]. Besides developing advanced combustion concepts, exhaust energy recovery technology has also been considered essential for high-efficiency ICEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Analysis of Engine Exhaust Flow Parameters for Resolving Pre-Turbine Pulsating Flow Enthalpy and Exergy

2021

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Energy carried by engine exhaust pulses is critical to the performance of a turbine or any other exhaust energy recovery system. Enthalpy and exergy are commonly used concepts to describe the energy transport by the flow based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. However, in order to investigate the crank-angle-resolved exhaust flow enthalpy and exergy, the significance of the flow parameters (pressure, velocity, and temperature) and their demand for high resolution need to be ascertained. In this study, local and global sensitivity analyses were performed on a one-dimensional (1D) heavy-duty diesel engine model to quantify the significance of each flow parameter in the determination of exhaust enthalpy and exergy. The effects of parameter sweeps were analyzed by local sensitivity, and Sobol indices from the global sensitivity showed the correlations between each flow parameter and the computed enthalpy and exergy. The analysis indicated that when considering the specific enthalpy and exergy, flow temperature is the dominant parameter and requires high resolution of the temperature pulse. It was found that a 5% sweep over the temperature pulse leads to maximum deviations of 31% and 27% when resolving the crank angle-based specific enthalpy and specific exergy, respectively. However, when considering the total enthalpy and exergy rates, flow velocity is the most significant parameter, requiring high resolution with a maximum deviation of 23% for the enthalpy rate and 12% for the exergy rate over a 5% sweep of the flow velocity pulse. This study will help to quantify and prioritize fast measurements of pulsating flow parameters in the context of turbocharger turbine inlet flow enthalpy and exergy analysis.

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Section: Analytical Solutions For the Sensitivity To Flow Parametersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Analytical Solutions For the Sensitivity To Flow Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Analysis of Engine Exhaust Flow Parameters for Resolving Pre-Turbine Pulsating Flow Enthalpy and Exergy

2021

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“…The number of vehicles operating on roads is increasing, and authorities are continually pushing harder for decreases in emissions [1]. Although electric vehicles draw significant research interest [2], much research still targets the improvement of combustion engines [3] for more ecological operation. Optimal functionality The aim of the present study is to apply and examine an exhaust gas temperature (ETG) measurement method which is critical to optimal vehicle operation and effective emissions reduction [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical-Based Sensor for Automotive Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurement

Prauzek

Hercík

Konecny

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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The article introduces the design of an optical-based sensor which measures automotive exhaust gas temperatures (EGT) over a wide temperature range. To measure temperature, we combined the luminescence method and blackbody radiation (BBR) principle. We also developed our own measurement hardware which includes the means to process and evaluate the signals obtained for temperature conversion using optical methods for application in the target temperature range (−40 • C to 820 • C). This temperature range is specified by the automotive industry according to current combustion engine designs and emission requirements, which stipulate accurate measurement of operating temperature for optimal functioning. Current measurement solutions are based on the thermocouple principle. This approach is problematic, especially with regard to electromagnetic interference and self-diagnostics, and problems also exist with the gradual penetration of moisture into the temperature probe under extreme thermal stress. The case study confirmed the full functionality of the new optical sensor concept. The benefit of the proposed concept is full compatibility with existing conceptual solutions while maintaining the advantages of optical-based sensors. The results indicated that a combination of the BBR and luminescence methods with a ruby crystal in the proposed solution produced an average absolute error of 2.32 • C in the temperature range −40 • C to 820 • C over a measurement cycle time of 0.25 s.

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“…For this reason, development and researches of new technologies and trends in powertrains is inevitable. Currently, there are few configurations of electric powertrains: Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV), Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV), Battery electric vehicle (BEV), and Extended-Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) [28][29][30]. Thanks to an electric or hybrid drive system, that does not generate exhaust gases during use, it is possible to reduce greenhouse gases and other harmful exhaust gas compounds arising during combustion in a conventional engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Analysis of the Particulate Matter Emitted from Road Vehicle Engines

et al. 2021

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Air pollution with particulate matter from transport sources is a serious problem in terms of air quality and its impact on human health. The article attempts to test the emitted particles from piston engines in terms of their physical properties and chemical composition. The research test objects were a diesel engine with Euro 5 emission class and a petrol engine, which was a part of the scooter drive system. The conducted research consisted in the analysis of the number, mass, and volume of particles, as well as chemical analysis, using the methods: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Evolved gas analysis (EGA). The diesel engine emitted particles in the range of 50–120 nm. With the increase in the engine load, the specific emission of particulate matter increased. In the case of a gasoline engine running without load, the emission of particles smaller than 30 nm was mainly observed. Increasing load of the gasoline engine resulted in an increase in both the concentration of particles and their diameter (average diameter to 90 nm). FTIR analysis showed higher black carbon content in the case of the sample taken from the diesel engine. In order to carry out a more detailed chemical analysis, the EGA and SEM methods were used. On their basis, the chemical composition of particles was presented, and a greater ability to agglomerate of a gasoline engine particles was found.

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A review of current and future powertrain technologies and trends in 2020

Cited by 115 publications

References 26 publications

Numerical Analysis of Engine Exhaust Flow Parameters for Resolving Pre-Turbine Pulsating Flow Enthalpy and Exergy

Numerical Analysis of Engine Exhaust Flow Parameters for Resolving Pre-Turbine Pulsating Flow Enthalpy and Exergy

An Optical-Based Sensor for Automotive Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurement

Physicochemical Analysis of the Particulate Matter Emitted from Road Vehicle Engines

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