A Review of Human Toxoplasmosis with an Emphasis on the Status of This Parasitic Infection in Sudan

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease that is caused by a protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. This protozoan is a parasite of cats, which is spread among other animals and birds all over the world. Toxoplasmosis has diverse severity, and it depends on the number of entered parasites, the way of entry, and other factors. Toxoplasmosis has four forms: acute form, subacute form, chronic form, and recurrent form. Paraclinical tests are definitive diagnoses, which includes parasitology, radiology, biochemical and hematological, serological, and toxoplasmin skin tests. Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) and sulfonamides act synergistically against T. gondii tachyzoites. Up to now, no effective vaccine against Toxoplasma has been made, and the effort to make a vaccine to create antibody titer in the body and prevent the infection of women and cats is extremely important.