A Review of Recent Developments in the Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Healing

Rodríguez-Merchán, E. Carlos

doi:10.3390/ijms22020767

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In the angio-mesenchymal phase (Days 5 to 11), VEGF regulates the angiogenesis process, which is closely connected to osteogenesis Type H vessels, so named for their high expression of endomucin and CD31, that have recently been identified as able to induce bone formation [ 9 ]. The VEGF pathway is the key regulator of vascular regeneration.…”

Section: Pemfs Molecular Pathways On Bone Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Bone Healing: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications

Caliogna

Medetti

Bina

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In this article, we provide an extensive review of the recent literature of the signaling pathways modulated by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) and PEMFs clinical application. A review of the literature was performed on two medical electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) from 3 to 5 March 2021. Three authors performed the evaluation of the studies and the data extraction. All studies for this review were selected following these inclusion criteria: studies written in English, studies available in full text and studies published in peer-reviewed journal. Molecular biology, identifying cell membrane receptors and pathways involved in bone healing, and studying PEMFs target of action are giving a solid basis for clinical applications of PEMFs. However, further biology studies and clinical trials with clear and standardized parameters (intensity, frequency, dose, duration, type of coil) are required to clarify the precise dose-response relationship and to understand the real applications in clinical practice of PEMFs.

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Section: Pemfs Molecular Pathways On Bone Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Bone Healing: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications

Caliogna

Medetti

Bina

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Thus, the EGF signalling pathway may enhance bone restoration in nonunions, characterised by a delay in fracture healing from poor vascularisation or from a lack of mechanical stability at the site of fracture [ 119 , 120 ]. Moreover, EGF may be combined with osteogenic scaffolds to fill large bone losses caused by traumas or tumours [ 47 , 121–124 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal growth factor signalling pathway in endochondral ossification: an evidence-based narrative review

et al. 2021

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During endochondral bone development, a complex process that leads to the formation of the majority of skeletal elements, mesenchymal cells condense, differentiating into chondrocytes and producing the foetal growth plate. Chondrocytes progressively hypertrophy, induce angiogenesis and are then gradually replaced by bone. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), one of many growth factors, is the prototype of the EGF-ligand family, which comprises several proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival. In bone, EGF pathway signalling finely tunes the first steps of chondrogenesis by maintaining mesenchymal cells in an undifferentiated stage, and by promoting hypertrophic cartilage replacement. Moreover, EGF signalling modulates bone homeostasis by stimulating osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation, and by regulating osteoblast differentiation under specific spatial and temporal conditions. This evidence-based narrative review describes the EGF pathway in bone metabolism and endochondral bone development. This comprehensive description may be useful in light of possible clinical applications in orthopaedic practice. A deeper knowledge of the role of EGF in bone may be useful in musculoskeletal conditions which may benefit from the modulation of this signalling pathway. Key messages The EGF pathway is involved in bone metabolism. EGF signalling is essential in the very early stages of limb development by maintaining cells in an undifferentiated stage. EGF pathway positively regulates chondrocyte proliferation, negatively modulates hypertrophy, and favours cartilage replacement by bone. EGF and EGF-like proteins finely tune the proliferation and differentiation of bone tissue cells, and they also regulate the initial phases of endochondral ossification.

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“…The use of additive manufacturing techniques, also known as 3D printing, for the fabrication of customised bone tissue engineering architectures has developed very rapidly [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. These fabrication techniques allow high reproducibility and repeatability, and they can process a wide range of natural and synthetic polymeric and composite materials, allowing for the fabrication of interconnected porous structures [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Different techniques have been used for the fabrication of bone scaffolds [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], such as: vat photopolymerisation, which uses light to selectively solidify a liquid photo-sensitive polymeric material; powder-bed fusion, which uses a laser beam to selectively fuse powder material; and extrusion-based processes, which heat materials in a pellet or filament form to solidify the molten material in a printing platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel 3D Bioglass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

et al. 2022

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The design of scaffolds with optimal biomechanical properties for load-bearing applications is an important topic of research. Most studies have addressed this problem by focusing on the material composition and not on the coupled effect between the material composition and the scaffold architecture. Polymer–bioglass scaffolds have been investigated due to the excellent bioactivity properties of bioglass, which release ions that activate osteogenesis. However, material preparation methods usually require the use of organic solvents that induce surface modifications on the bioglass particles, compromising the adhesion with the polymeric material thus compromising mechanical properties. In this paper, we used a simple melt blending approach to produce polycaprolactone/bioglass pellets to construct scaffolds with pore size gradient. The results show that the addition of bioglass particles improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds and, due to the selected architecture, all scaffolds presented mechanical properties in the cortical bone region. Moreover, the addition of bioglass indicated a positive long-term effect on the biological performance of the scaffolds. The pore size gradient also induced a cell spreading gradient.

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A Review of Recent Developments in the Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Healing

Cited by 32 publications

References 78 publications

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Bone Healing: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Bone Healing: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Applications

Epidermal growth factor signalling pathway in endochondral ossification: an evidence-based narrative review

Novel 3D Bioglass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

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