A review on biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extracts and microbes: A prospect towards green chemistry

The Study of Structural, Physical and Electrochemical Activity of Zno Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Natural Extracts of Sageretia Thea

“…Nanotechnology is emerging as a new field of research dealing with synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials for their applications in various fields such as electrochemistry, catalysis, sensors, biomedicines, pharmaceutics, health care, cosmetics, food technology, textile industry, mechanics, optics, electronics, space industry, energy science, optical devices, etc [1][2][3]. The only reason for using nanotechnology in different fields is its unique capability to enhance the efficiency of the system when it is incorporated with nanotechnology [4].…”

“…It has been reported that ZnO nanoparticles can readily agglomerate, owing to their high surface energy [24]. [1,2,30]. In the biological synthesis method, the use of plant extracts, fungi, microbes, and raw materials of fruits and vegetables are used for synthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs [26,31,32].…”

“…Various phyto-chemical studies carried out on different parts of these tree species show that the extracts obtained from the Sageretia thea contained flavonoids, polyphenols, steroids, alkaloids and triterpenoids [1,11].…”

Recent developments on nano-ZnO catalyzed synthesis of bioactive heterocycles

“…Kumar et al [122] achieved the synthesis of various 3-substituted coumarins (60b) by the nano-ZnO catalyzed reactions between salisaldehydes (46) and various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (17,18a,61) under microwave irradiation at 120 °C (Table 18). Under the same optimized reaction conditions they also synthesized benzo[f] chromen-3-ones (63) by using 2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde (62) instead of salisaldehyde (46) (Table 18). After completion of reaction, nano-ZnO was successfully recovered and recycled for several runs with consistent catalytic activity.…”

“…ZnO-nanoparticles can easily be synthesized from zinc acetate using either sol-gel [44] or precipitation method [45]. In many occasions, it was also synthesized in biogenic pathway using various plant extracts [46]. Thereby, past decade has seen tremendous applications of various morphologies of nano-ZnO as catalysts in different organic name reactions that include Mannich reaction [47], knoevenagel condensation [48,49] and in various organic transformations, such as the synthesis of antiplatelet drug (Clopidogrel) [50], phosphonomalonates [51], ferrocenylphosphonates [52], 3-indolyl-3-hydroxy oxindoles [53], β-acetamido ketones/esters [54], O-acylation of alcohol [55], enamination of 1,3-dicarbonyls [56] and β-amino carbonyl compounds [57], etc.…”