A review on classical swine fever infections in pigs: Epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology

Dahle, J; Ließ, B.

doi:10.1016/0147-9571(92)90093-7

Cited by 101 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This age classification was based on previous field studies of wild boars in northeastern France [22]. Animals less than three months old, i.e., striped and with a carcass less than 10 kg, were not shot by hunters, so we assumed that there would be no maternal antibodies in the samples [12,13,26,39]. Additionally, no vaccination of wild boars was implemented in France so we assumed that the wild virus had infected every seropositive animal.…”

Section: Determination Of Age Classes and Spatial Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outbreaks in domestic pigs entail severe losses to the pig farming industry because the virus is highly contagious and causes 20 to 90% mortality [12,39]. Massive slaughtering is required to eradicate CSF and CSF-free countries restrict pig trading during outbreaks so that one outbreak in the Netherlands in 1997 caused more than € 2.5 billion in losses [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, seroprevalence indicates the level of population immunity, because antibodies are protective [12,39]. Seropositive juveniles (except individuals less than three months in age that carry maternal antibodies [12,13,26,39]) are of particular interest because they indicate a recent viral transmission. Thus, we propose that seroprevalence in juveniles gives an estimate of incidence at the level of the year that individuals were born.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data

et al. 2005

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-In the European Community, epizootics of classical swine fever (CSF) in the wild boar (Sus scrofa) are compulsorily monitored because transmission may occur between wild boars and domestic pigs, causing heavy economic losses to the pork industry. The estimation of incidence in populations of wild boars is generally based on viroprevalence. However, viral isolation becomes rare when the incidence is low because the virus cannot be detected for more than a few weeks following infection. On the contrary, seroprevalence is detectable at low incidence levels, because antibodies can be detected for the lifetime of the infected animal. We thus attempted to analyse the long-term evolution of CSF incidence using serological data. The data came from France, where CSF had been monitored from 1992 to 2002, and where the virus has not been detected since 1997. We assumed that the overall seroprevalence would estimate the proportion of immune wild boars, that seroprevalence in juveniles would approximate incidence and that seroprevalence in different age classes would show the evolution of incidence in a given cohort. Spatial and temporal trends of incidence and seroprevalence were explored using logistic modelling and the spatial trend was analysed using polynomial regression. In 1992, incidence peaked in the northern area. After 1993, incidence decreased but remained the highest in the northern area. After 2000, no seropositive juvenile was observed, suggesting the extinction of the epizootic. Our results support the reliability of serological monitoring since it allowed a longer detection of viral transmission and provided more information on the spatio-temporal evolution of incidence than did viral isolation. We advocate that the highest persistence of infection in northeastern France is not independent from infection persistence in Reinland-Pfalz (Germany). Such persistence may be due to favourable local conditions and/or the social organisation of wild boars.classical swine fever / wild boar / spatial / monitoring / serology

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Section: Determination Of Age Classes and Spatial Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data

et al. 2005

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“…Classical Swine Fever (CSF) or hog cholera is a highly contagious pig disease [1][2][3], an epidemic of which can cause huge problems like reduction in animal welfare, and high economic losses as a result of export limitations and mass destruction [4]. The disease is caused by the Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is caused by the Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) [1][2][3]. Transmission of the virus between pigs can be quantified by estimating parameters from transmission experiments, in which a number of pigs within a pen are inoculated with the virus and the transmission process in followed [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within- and between-pen transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus: a new method to estimate the basic reproduction ratio from transmission experiments

Klinkenberg¹,

Bree²,

Laevens

et al. 2002

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYWe present a method to estimate basic reproduction ratio R ! from transmission experiments. By using previously published data of experiments with Classical Swine Fever Virus more extensively, we obtained smaller confidence intervals than the martingale method used in the original papers. Moreover, our method allows simultaneous estimation of a reproduction ratio within pens R !w and a modified reproduction ratio between pens R !b. Resulting estimates of R !w and R !b for weaner pigs were 100 (95 % CI 54n4-186) and 7n77 (4n68-12n9), respectively. For slaughter pigs they were 15n5 (6n20-38n7) and 3n39 (1n54-7n45), respectively. We believe, because of the smaller confidence intervals we were able to obtain, that the method presented here is better suited for use in future experiments.

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Farm Level Control of Foreign Animal Disease and Food‐Borne Pathogens

Hofacre

Holmstrom

2008

Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security

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Preventing the introduction of diseases, especially foreign animal diseases (FADs), and diseases that could cause food‐borne illness is critically important. Science‐based rules and regulations established by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) govern activities that could present homeland security risks. This article presents an overview of animal agriculture production in the United States and how that influences farm‐level control of pathogens, preventing and controlling the introduction of FADs by understanding the structure of food‐producing industries and the farm‐level vulnerabilities, and finally, farm‐level control of contemporary critical pathogens. The beef, poultry, and pork‐producing industries are discussed. The beef industry with its extensive nature of production in cow–calf operations is the most vulnerable to agroterrorism. The poultry industry is arguably the industry most protected from an agroterrorist attack. But the poultry and swine industries are still vulnerable, because the structure of these industries and the intensive production practices used has resulted in large numbers of animals located in relatively small geographic areas. So if an FAD outbreak does occur, the potential economic impacts are still very high. Contemporary FADs discussed in detail are highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD), and classical swine fever (CSF).

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A review on classical swine fever infections in pigs: Epizootiology, clinical disease and pathology

Cited by 101 publications

References 11 publications

Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data

Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data

Within- and between-pen transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus: a new method to estimate the basic reproduction ratio from transmission experiments

Farm Level Control of Foreign Animal Disease and Food‐Borne Pathogens

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