A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids

Martins, Tânia Soares; Vaz, Margarida; Henriques, Ana Gabriela

doi:10.1007/s00216-022-04174-5

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…The EVs and exosomes isolation techniques have been intensively developed in the past decade. Vast amount of review papers regarding EV isolation techniques have been reported [ 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 ]. The well-documented methods for isolating exosomes from biological samples include, but not limited to, differential ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography and immunoaffinity capture [ 137 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Walker

O’Malley

2022

Pharmaceutics

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Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) is a subset of bladder cancer with a significant risk for metastases and death. It accounts for nearly 25% of bladder cancer diagnoses. A diagnostic work-up for MIBC is inclusive of urologic evaluation, radiographic imaging with a CT scan, urinalysis, and cystoscopy. These evaluations, especially cystoscopy, are invasive and carry the risk of secondary health concerns. Non-invasive diagnostics such as urine cytology are an attractive alternative currently being investigated to mitigate the requirement for cystoscopy. A pitfall in urine cytology is the lack of available options with high reliability, specificity, and sensitivity to malignant bladder cells. Exosomes are a novel biomarker source which could resolve some of the concerns with urine cytology, due to the high specificity as the surrogates of tumor cells. This review serves to define muscle invasive bladder cancer, current urine cytology methods, the role of exosomes in MIBC, and exosomes application as a diagnostic tool in MIBC. Urinary exosomes as the specific populations of extracellular vesicles could provide additional biomarkers with specificity and sensitivity to bladder malignancies, which are a consistent source of cellular information to direct clinicians for developing treatment strategies. Given its strong presence and differentiation ability between normal and cancerous cells, exosome-based urine cytology is highly promising in providing a perspective of a patient’s bladder cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Walker

O’Malley

2022

Pharmaceutics

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“…[204] It is extremely important to implement quality control measures for collecting exosome samples to ensure high quality/ high purity vesicles, and therefore data reproducibility. [205] Pre-analytical sources of variability include, but are not limited to, the type of sample collection tube used, temperature, and storage conditions. [205] Typically, exosomes are stored at −80 °C, and after 4 days of storage, the morphology of exosomes may change in comparison to freshly obtained exosomes.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Storage Prior To Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Personalized Nanomedicine: The Critical Evaluation of Micro and Nanodevices for Cancer Biomarker Analysis in Liquid Biopsy

Clack

Soda

Kasetsirikul

et al. 2023

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from circulating biomarkers (CBs). CBs may be found in several minimally invasive bodily fluids including (but not limited to) blood, saliva, urine, pleural effusions, stool, and cerebrospinal fluid. CBs may include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor RNA/DNA (ctRNA/ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), proteins, exosomes, autoantibodies, all of which, are known for their diagnostic and prognostic potential. [1] Currently, clinicians and centralized hospitals practice tissue biopsy for diagnosis and characterization of the heterogeneity of the solid tumor which is crucial for personalized medicine. [1a] Despite the many decades of clinical practice, tissue-based biopsies are subject to sampling bias, suffer from the issue of low repeatability, and cause immense pain in patients as the process is invasive. One of the major concerns of biopsies, often ignored, is the entrance of tumor cells into the systemic circulation during the tissue-sampling process, leading to tumor metastasis. [2] To overcome these issues, the detection of CBs through liquid biopsy has shown promise as a potential replacement due to the rapid and semi or non-invasive sampling process and the repeated analysis of samples during therapeutic interventions aid in decision-making about a particular patient's progress.Due to the advancement of highly specific sequencing and gene amplification technologies, liquid biopsies can access more relevant cancer biomarkers, providing a much-needed alternative to tissue-based biopsy. [1b] These recent advances have led to the development of many miniaturized/ portable platforms. The clinical potential of these micro and nano devices is rapidly growing, but they face many challenges before transitioning to point-of-care (POC) platforms that are sensitive, rapid, and accurate, as discussed herein.Previously, our group [3] provided a critical review of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and liquid biopsy opportunities, challenges, and recent advances in detection technologies. The review examines the potential of ctDNA as a marker in liquid biopsy, as well as the detection methods, challenges, and considerations. We further [1b] provided a comprehensive review of advanced liquid biopsy technologies for CBs detection. Others Liquid biopsy for the analysis of circulating cancer biomarkers (CBs) is a major advancement toward the early detection of cancer. In comparison to tissue biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy is relatively painless, offering multiple sampling opportunities across easily accessible bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. Liquid biopsy is also relatively inexpensive and simple, avoiding the requirement for specialized laboratory equipment or trained medical staff. Major advances in the field of liquid biopsy are attributed largely to developments in nanotechnology and microfabrication that enables the creation of highly precise chip-based platforms. These devices can overcome detection limitations of an individual biomarker by detecting multiple markers ...

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“…Preparing qualified endogenous EVs from bio-fluids as the primary source is more complex, as several factors interfere with efficient EV isolation and purification ( 134 ). The quality of the final sample will be determined as a consequence of donor-related factors in addition to the biophysical and chemical properties of the fluid.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicles a New Therapeutic Paradigm For Autoim...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases

et al. 2023

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The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are not adequately practical. Moreover, these regimens are associated with considerable complications. Designing tolerogenic therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, immune cells, and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems to open a promising path to managing autoimmune diseases’ vast burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main cell types applied to restore a tolerogenic immune status; MSCs play a more beneficial role due to their amenable properties and extensive cross-talks with different immune cells. With existing concerns about the employment of cells, new cell-free therapeutic paradigms, such as EV-based therapies, are gaining attention in this field. Additionally, EVs’ unique properties have made them to be known as smart immunomodulators and are considered as a potential substitute for cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of cell-based and EV-based methods for treating autoimmune diseases. The study also presents an outlook on the future of EVs to be implemented in clinics for autoimmune patients.

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A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids

Cited by 66 publications

References 163 publications

Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Toward Personalized Nanomedicine: The Critical Evaluation of Micro and Nanodevices for Cancer Biomarker Analysis in Liquid Biopsy

Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases

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