A review on Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the reproductive system

Asghari, Ali; Khaki, Amir Afshin; Rajabzadeh, Asghar

doi:10.19082/2655

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…EMI induces vibration of water molecules, which releases extra heat energy, which is disseminated among organs to generate physiological dysfunction, unhealthy infant, denature of protein, disorder in enzyme function, non-regular function of organelles, and reduction of fertility, which raise questions about the sustainability of human and other living things on the Earth. 4,5 EMI shielding is expressed in dB, and is inevitable in the modern electronic world. 3 Non-Ionized Radiation (NIR) has been widely used, as it is safe, even though recent study reports that some NIR radiation has a detrimental issue on biotic structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, carbon nanotube/ polyaniline lms displays the EMI shielding of 74.9 dB with 7.5 Â 10 4 dB cm 3 g À1 of SSE, 3009 S cm À1 of EC and thickness of 0.029 mm. The MWCNT/PANI (Ku band), SWCNT/PANI (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), MWCNT/PANI (0.8-3 GHz) composite show 39.2, 31.5, 47 dB of EMI shielding and its corresponding thickness are 2, 2.4 and 0.5 mm, respectively. PEDOT : PSS/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composite exhibits EMI shielding of 62 dB with 0.15 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An effective utilization of MXene and its effect on electromagnetic interference shielding: flexible, free-standing and thermally conductive composite from MXene–PAT–poly(p-aminophenol)–polyaniline co-polymer

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective utilization of MXene and its effect on electromagnetic interference shielding: flexible, free-standing and thermally conductive composite from MXene–PAT–poly(p-aminophenol)–polyaniline co-polymer

et al. 2020

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“…The radiation frequency emitted from mobile phones and their base station antennae ranges from 900-1800 MHz for the Global System for Mobile Communications [1], which belongs to hyperfrequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) [2]. The extensive use of mobile phones has been accompanied by possible adverse effects on human health, especially the male reproductive system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effect of Autophagy on DNA Damage in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells Exposed to 1800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: The effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) on the male reproductive system have raised public concern and studies have shown that exposure to RF-EMFs can induce DNA damage and autophagy. However, there are no related reports on the role of autophagy in DNA damage in spermatocytes, especially after exposure to RF-EMFs. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism and role of autophagy induced by RF-EMFs in spermatozoa cells. Methods: Mouse spermatocyte-derived cells (GC-2) were exposed to RF-EMFs 4 W/kg for 24 h. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by ROS assay kit. Comet assay was utilized to detect DNA damage. Autophagy was detected by three indicators: LC3II/LC3I, autophagic vacuoles, and GFP-LC3 dots, which were measured by western blot, transmission electron microscopy, and transfection with GFP-LC3, respectively. The expression of the molecular signaling pathway AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR was determined by western blot. Results: The results showed that RF-EMFs induced autophagy and DNA damage in GC-2 cells via ROS generation, and the autophagy signaling pathway AMPK/mTOR was activated by ROS generation. Furthermore, following inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of AMPKα, increased DNA damage was observed in GC-2 cells following RF-EMFs exposure, and overexpression of AMPKα promoted autophagy and attenuated DNA damage. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that the autophagy which was induced by RF-EMFs via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway could prevent DNA damage in spermatozoa cells.

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“…Human exposure in modern society to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) comes from many sources, and situations are different in people's everyday lives. EMFs emanate from power lines, computer devices, televisions, radios, and telephones (Asghari et al, 2016). Extremely low frequency (ELF)-EMFs have 3 to 30 Hz frequencies and are generated from military communication.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation (Emr) From Laptop on Reproductive Hormones, Sperm Quality and Prostate Specific Antigen of Male Albino Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Stephen

Kelechi

Adeola

2019

ebzr

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Humans in modern society are exposed to an ever-increasing number of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated from the production and supply of electricity, television sets, personal computer (PC), radio communication, and mobile communication, hence, it has become a public health issue. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted from new generation laptop computers on sperm quality and reproductive hormone of male albino rats. Male albino rats (10-12 weeks old) were exposed to RF-EMR from laptop computers which were grouped based on different exposure period (2hours, 4hours, 6hours and 8hours) for 4 weeks. The semen samples were obtained by caudal puncture of the epididymis from each participant for sperm quality analysis and blood collected by cardiac puncture for hormonal analysis using the chemiluminescent microparticles immunoassay method. The analysis of variance was done for the hormonal concentration and sperm quality parameters to check for the significance difference at 5% level of significance. The Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was done to test for significance comparison of radiation exposed groups and control group. Exposure to laptop computer display unit was associated with significant reduction in sperm motility, sperm viability and sperm count (P<0.0001), testosterone level (P<0.001), follicle stimulating hormone level (P<0.01). For the sperm morphology, there was no significant difference in the normal cells for the experimental setup, however, the appearance of abnormal cells in the exposed rats (2 – 8 hrs) were significant (P≤0.001). This study therefore showed that EMR from a charging laptop can significantly affect semen quality, male fertility and rendered male reproductive hormone unstable with no effect on prostrate specific antigens.

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A review on Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and the reproductive system

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

An effective utilization of MXene and its effect on electromagnetic interference shielding: flexible, free-standing and thermally conductive composite from MXene–PAT–poly(p-aminophenol)–polyaniline co-polymer

An effective utilization of MXene and its effect on electromagnetic interference shielding: flexible, free-standing and thermally conductive composite from MXene–PAT–poly(p-aminophenol)–polyaniline co-polymer

The Protective Effect of Autophagy on DNA Damage in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells Exposed to 1800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

The Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation (Emr) From Laptop on Reproductive Hormones, Sperm Quality and Prostate Specific Antigen of Male Albino Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

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