A review on emerging frontiers of house dust mite and cockroach allergy research

Abstract

Currently, mankind is afflicted with diversified health issues, allergies being a common, yet little understood malady. Allergies, the outcome of a baffled immune system encompasses myriad allergens and causes an array of health consequences, ranging from transient to recurrent and mild to fatal. Indoor allergy is a serious hypersensitivity in genetically-predisposed people, triggered by ingestion, inhalation or mere contact of allergens, of which mite and cockroaches are one of the most-represented constituents. Arduous to eliminate, these aeroallergens pose constant health challenges, mostly manifested as respiratory and dermatological inflammations, leading to further aggravations if unrestrained. Recent times have seen an unprecedented endeavour to understand the conformation of these allergens, their immune manipulative ploys and other underlying causes of pathogenesis, most importantly therapies. Yet a large section of vulnerable people is ignorant of these innocuous-looking immune irritants, prevailing around them, and continues to suffer. This review aims to expedite this field by a concise, informative account of seminal findings in the past few years, with particular emphasis on leading frontiers like genome-wide association studies (GWAS), epitope mapping, metabolomics etc. Drawbacks linked to current approaches and solutions to overcome them have been proposed.

Sensitization to common allergens among patients with allergies in major Iranian cities: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…These small arthropods live in close contact with humans and are found in large numbers in beds, sofas, carpets, and furniture. The growth of mites is inhibited in environments with low humidity and extreme temperatures [10,11]. Food-allergic patients, mainly children, show a higher sensitization to the ingestion of eggs, cow’s milk, nuts, soy, seafood, and wheat.…”

Interleukin-13, Interleukin-10, Interferon-gamma and IDO Production in Response to Home Dust Mites in Allergic Asthma

“…Low IDO activity has previously been observed in asthma and atopic non-asthma patients. (19,20) In several studies, it was explained that IDO inhibits airway proinflammation mediated by Th2 cells, but does not seem to influence tolerance to inhibition in the immune response of proinflammatory cells Th1. (20,21,22) Conclusion Cellular immune profile of subjects with allergic asthma to Dermatophagoides pterronyssinus (Der p) is characterized by a type-2 inflammatory response that is dominant compared to type-1 inflammation (higher IL-13 ratio compared to IFN-γ) and to the role of anti-inflammation (higher IL-13 ratio compared to IL-10).…”

Consideration of methods for identifying mite allergens

“…Also, advances in proteomic and genomic techniques, in particular the availability of the draft sequence of the D. farinae genome, should allow multiple potential HDM allergens to be identified [ 32 ]. In fact, a recent review proposed that genome sequencing and metabolomics are the future of allergen discovery and treatment [ 60 ]. With these techniques, the bottleneck is likely to be the confirmation step which requires production of high quality purified proteins, well-controlled IgE binding studies, and relevant assays to ensure allergenicity.…”