A Review on Epigenetic Inheritance of Experiences in Humans

Ghai, Meenu; Kader, Farzeen

doi:10.1007/s10528-021-10155-7

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Imprinted genes are, by definition, functionally haploid and are thereby potentially more susceptible to mutations ( Fowden et al, 2011 ). Epigenetic modifications might occur either at the DNA level via methylation/hydroxymethylation, at the protein level via histone modifications, or at the mRNA level via short and long non-coding RNAs ( Ghai and Kader, 2021 ). Imprinted genes are abundantly expressed in fetal and placental tissues, and DNA methylation of imprinted genes is established in a parent-specific manner during gametogenesis.…”

Section: Intrauterine Mechanisms–placental Programming In Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequences of Assisted Reproduction Technologies on the Offspring Health Throughout Life: A Placental Contribution

Schroêder

Badini

Sferruzzi‐Perri

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) worldwide has led to the conception and birth of over eight million babies since being implemented in 1978. ART use is currently on the rise, given growing infertility and the increase in conception age among men and women in industrialized countries. Though obstetric and perinatal outcomes have improved over the years, pregnancies achieved by ART still bear increased risks for the mother and the unborn child. Moreover, given that the first generation of ART offspring is now only reaching their forties, the long-term effects of ART are currently unknown. This is important, as there is a wealth of data showing that life-long health can be predetermined by poor conditions during intrauterine development, including irregularities in the structure and functioning of the placenta. In the current review, we aim to summarize the latest available findings examining the effects of ART on the cardiometabolic, cognitive/neurodevelopmental, and behavioral outcomes in the perinatal period, childhood and adolescence/adulthood; and to examine placental intrinsic factors that may contribute to the developmental outcomes of ART offspring. Altogether, the latest knowledge about life outcomes beyond adolescence for those conceived by ART appears to suggest a better long-term outcome than previously predicted. There are also changes in placenta structure and functional capacity with ART. However, more work in this area is critically required, since the potential consequences of ART may still emerge as the offspring gets older. In addition, knowledge of the placenta may help to foresee and mitigate any adverse outcomes in the offspring.

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Section: Intrauterine Mechanisms–placental Programming In Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequences of Assisted Reproduction Technologies on the Offspring Health Throughout Life: A Placental Contribution

Schroêder

Badini

Sferruzzi‐Perri

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…Methylation in the oocyte exhibits far greater variance across the genome, as hypomethylated DNA is found in highly transcribed genes [85]. However, for transgenerational inheritance of DNA methylation to occur, some part of the genome would have to evade the pre-fertilization reprogramming [90].…”

Section: Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Inheritance: Intergenerational Effects of Pesticides and Other Endocrine Disruptors on Cancer Development

Nicolella

Assis

2022

IJMS

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Parental environmental experiences affect disease susceptibility in the progeny through epigenetic inheritance. Pesticides are substances or mixtures of chemicals—some of which are persistent environmental pollutants—that are used to control pests. This review explores the evidence linking parental exposure to pesticides and endocrine disruptors to intergenerational and transgenerational susceptibility of cancer in population studies and animal models. We also discuss the impact of pesticides and other endocrine disruptors on the germline epigenome as well as the emerging evidence for how epigenetic information is transmitted between generations. Finally, we discuss the importance of this mode of inheritance in the context of cancer prevention and the challenges ahead.

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“…The demonstration of heritable epigenetic marks has been difficult to establish in humans because of confounding genetic, cultural, and environmental factors (37,183), and heritability has been eliminated from the definition of epigenetics (22). Epigenetic changes within an individual may be acquired by external pressures (diet, lifestyle, toxic exposures) (184)(185)(186)(187) or by intrinsic instability of the epigenome through successive cell divisions ("epigenetic drift") (188)(189)(190)(191)(192).…”

Section: Transgenerational Inheritance Of Epigenetic Marksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, heritable miRNAs for NAFLD (miR-331-3p and miR-30c) have been demonstrated in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, but most of the 21 miRNAs that have distinguished the twins with and without NAFLD have not been inherited ( 194 ). Although transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic marks has been demonstrated in experimental models ( 28 , 180 , 182 ) and humans ( 26 , 37 , 194 ), its impact on the occurrence of an individual disease is unsettled ( 35 ). Large longitudinal studies over several generations are necessary to establish the heritability of epigenetic changes in particular human diseases, and they would require concurrent analyses of the genome and epigenome ( 37 , 183 , 195 ).…”

Section: Transgenerational Inheritance Of Epigenetic Marksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key epigenetic modifications have been described in the nuclear chromatin that can affect gene transcription (29)(30)(31), and small non-coding ribonucleic acids are epigenetic agents that can affect translation of the gene product (32,33). The epigenetic modifications may be induced by environmental cues (34)(35)(36)(37), and they have a durability that may contribute to a transgenerational inheritance through the germline (25,28,37,38). Furthermore, the epigenetic changes are modifiable, reversible, and amenable to therapeutic intervention (19,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epigenetic Aspects and Prospects in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Czaja¹

2022

Front. Immunol.

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The observed risk of autoimmune hepatitis exceeds its genetic risk, and epigenetic factors that alter gene expression without changing nucleotide sequence may help explain the disparity. Key objectives of this review are to describe the epigenetic modifications that affect gene expression, discuss how they can affect autoimmune hepatitis, and indicate prospects for improved management. Multiple hypo-methylated genes have been described in the CD4+ and CD19+ T lymphocytes of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, and the circulating micro-ribonucleic acids, miR-21 and miR-122, have correlated with laboratory and histological features of liver inflammation. Both epigenetic agents have also correlated inversely with the stage of liver fibrosis. The reduced hepatic concentration of miR-122 in cirrhosis suggests that its deficiency may de-repress the pro-fibrotic prolyl-4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1 gene. Conversely, miR-155 is over-expressed in the liver tissue of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, and it may signify active immune-mediated liver injury. Different epigenetic findings have been described in diverse autoimmune and non-autoimmune liver diseases, and these changes may have disease-specificity. They may also be responses to environmental cues or heritable adaptations that distinguish the diseases. Advances in epigenetic editing and methods for blocking micro-ribonucleic acids have improved opportunities to prove causality and develop site-specific, therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, the role of epigenetics in affecting the risk, clinical phenotype, and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis is under-evaluated. Full definition of the epigenome of autoimmune hepatitis promises to enhance understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and satisfy the unmet clinical need to improve therapy for refractory disease.

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A Review on Epigenetic Inheritance of Experiences in Humans

Cited by 23 publications

References 169 publications

The Consequences of Assisted Reproduction Technologies on the Offspring Health Throughout Life: A Placental Contribution

The Consequences of Assisted Reproduction Technologies on the Offspring Health Throughout Life: A Placental Contribution

Epigenetic Inheritance: Intergenerational Effects of Pesticides and Other Endocrine Disruptors on Cancer Development

Epigenetic Aspects and Prospects in Autoimmune Hepatitis

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