A Review on Feed Additives used in Fish Diet

Yadav, Manoj Kumar; Khati, Akansha; Chauhan, R. S.; Arya, Priyanka; Semwal, Alok

doi:10.22161/ijeab.62.21

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, aquaculture problems, induced by the rapid increase and high-density production of fish and other aquaculture animals, include increased disease prevalence [ 2 ]. Feed additives are added in small amounts to aquafeed for specific purposes [ 3 ]. Plant-derived feed additives, such as polysaccharides, can enhance fish growth, intestinal health, disease resistance, and stress resistance [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance Assessment of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide in the Diet of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Dong

Chen

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) can enhance antioxidant defense and anti-inflammation, as the tolerance levels of AMP in aquaculture is important for additive utilization. However, the tolerance dose of AMP is unknown. We assess the tolerance levels of AMP in juvenile largemouth bass (3.38 ± 0.11 g) by feeding them a 0, 400, 4000, or 8000 mg/kg AMP supplemented diet for 10 weeks. The 400 mg/kg AMP dose increased growth performance. The Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was activated, as indicated by Keap1 and Nrf2 protein levels in the liver. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx), together with increased mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (sod, gpx) and decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA, was found in the liver, implying the antioxidant effect of AMP. Nutrient absorption was enhanced by AMP, as reflected by the increased length of intestinal villi and microvilli. However, 4000 and 8000 mg/kg AMP induced oxidant stress, as indicated by increased plasma ALT and AST content and decreased mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (sod, gpx) in the liver and intestinal tissues. Inflammatory reactions were also induced by high doses of AMP, as reflected by enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, nfκb) in the liver, intestinal, and kidney tissues and inhibited levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (tgfβ, iκb). Histological analysis reveals inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage. Thus, the safe tolerance margin of AMP supplement for largemouth bass was 400–4000 mg/kg.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance Assessment of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide in the Diet of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Dong

Chen

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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“…Importantly, the effects of new feed ingredients or additives on fish health indicators and safety should be carefully considered for an appropriate assessment of any nutritional strategy [ 13 ]. In this regard, the liver and kidney function indicators are important determinants in assessing feed ingredient safety in fish diets because of their roles in detoxification, biotransformation, and excretion of xenobiotics [ 102 , 103 ]. Of note, in the current study, supplementing fish with diets fortified with up to 2% of PSM, even with MET exposure, did not negatively impacted the liver and kidney function indicators, indicating a wide safety margin of PSM as a feed supplement in fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Parsley Seed Mitigates Methomyl-Induced Impaired Growth Performance, Hemato-Immune Suppression, Oxidative Stress, Hepato-Renal Damage, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Susceptibility in Oreochromis niloticus

et al. 2022

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The present experiment investigated the potential protective role of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) seed meal (PSM) in alleviating methomyl (MET)-adverse impacts on growth, whole-body composition, hematological indicators, hepatorenal function, immune response, oxidative status, and disease resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this purpose, 225 healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were allotted into five groups (45 fish/group in triplicate). One group was reared in clean water and fed a non-supplemented basal diet, while the other groups were exposed to 20.39 μg L−1 MET and fed a non-fortified basal diet or basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% of PSM for 60 days. The obtained data revealed significantly lower weight gain, feed intake, and specific growth rate, but higher feed conversion ratio and decreases in crude protein, lipid, and ash contents in the MET-exposed fish. Anemia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, and esonipenia were also obvious. Furthermore, MET-exposed fish had significantly higher serum levels of hepatic enzymes and renal damage products. Nevertheless, there was a significant depletion of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and increased malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in MET-exposed fish. The MET exposure significantly depressed lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, complement3, acetylcholinesterase activity, total proteins, globulin, and albumin levels in O. niloticus serum. Furthermore, pathological alterations in the liver and kidney were noted. The relative percentage of survival rate in MET-exposed fish was dramatically reduced on day 14 post-challenge with P. aeruginosa. The inclusion of PSM, on the other hand, greatly alleviated most of the MET-related negative effects. Taken together, the dietary intervention with PSM has a promising role in alleviating MET-deleterious impacts, rendering parsley seeds a viable aqua feed additive for O. niloticus.

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“…Feed additives are substances added in trace amounts to a diet or feed ingredient for their beneficial effects. Generally, feed additives are grouped into four categories: technological additives, e.g., preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, and acidifiers [144]. These are added to diets to preserve the nutritional characteristics of the feed prior to giving to the fish or animal.…”

Section: Feed Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainability in Seed Supply for African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Culture in Kenya: Lessons from Asian Catfishes Industry

Barasa,

Ouma

2024

Aquaculture Research

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The culture of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is constrained by the high mortality of fry, occasioning a shortage of high-quality seeds for stocking by farmers. Asia, a continent with many success stories for aquaculture, leads in farmed production of some catfishes, a diverse group of 37 different families. Globally, the culture of catfishes ranks fifth in global farmed finfish production. Globally, Vietnam leads in the production and export of farmed striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, with 1,400,000 tonnes produced annually from about 7,000 hectares. Similarly, China farmed the non-native Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, into the major crop, with a current annual production of 250,000 tonnes. On the contrary, C. gariepinus, the main farmed catfish species in Africa, records low annual yields, with 240,000 tonnes for the whole continent. This paper explores the factors behind the high production of P. hypophthalmus and I. punctatus in Vietnam and China, respectively, and draws lessons for C. gariepinus farmers in Africa. Specifically, the use of differentiated hatchery and nursery husbandry practices was critical in boosting seed production, quantity, availability, and distribution for expanding the culture of P. hypophthalmus in Vietnam. Improvement of fish species through well-designed genetic improvement programs helped China substantially increase production of I. punctatus. For both species, intensive fish production, as well as the adoption and implementation of suitable policies, increased seed production from hatcheries in both countries. These are discussed as some of the factors that spurred catfish production in the two Asian countries. We argue that if these are adopted by farmers in Africa, they could help improve the production of farmed C. gariepinus on the continent for food and nutrition security as well as generation of livelihood for local communities.

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A Review on Feed Additives used in Fish Diet

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Tolerance Assessment of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide in the Diet of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Tolerance Assessment of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide in the Diet of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Dietary Parsley Seed Mitigates Methomyl-Induced Impaired Growth Performance, Hemato-Immune Suppression, Oxidative Stress, Hepato-Renal Damage, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Susceptibility in Oreochromis niloticus

Towards Sustainability in Seed Supply for African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Culture in Kenya: Lessons from Asian Catfishes Industry

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