A review on membrane distillation in process engineering: design and exergy equations, materials and wetting problems

Capizzano, S.; Frappa, Mirko; Macedonio, Francesca; Drioli, Enrico

doi:10.1007/s11705-021-2105-3

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 109 publications

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“…Therefore, methods for degrading organic dyes are of paramount importance. Although membrane separation technology has been widely used in water treatment [297], photocatalytic treatment is among the best methods for reducing water pollution from colored dyes used in the textile industry [120,[298][299][300]. Anila et al reviewed dye pollution, dye classification, and dye decolorization/degradation strategies and introduced the degradation mechanism associated with the well-known TiO 2 photocatalyst, while concurrently discussing the latest research into metal-, non-metal-, transition-metal-, noble-metal-, and lanthanide-ion-doped TiO 2 aimed at improving photocatalytic efficiency.…”

Section: Dyes and Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activities of TiO2-Based Composite Catalysts

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Catalysts

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While modern industry has contributed to the prosperity of an increasingly urbanized society, it has also led to serious pollution problems, with discharged wastewater and exhaust gases causing significant environmental harm. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is an excellent photocatalyst, has received extensive attention because it is inexpensive and able to photocatalytically degrade pollutants in an environmentally friendly manner. TiO2 has many advantages, including high chemical stability, low toxicity, low operating costs, and environmental friendliness. TiO2 is an N-order semiconductor material with a bandgap of 3.2 eV. Only when the wavelength of ultraviolet light is less than or equal to 387.5 nm can the valence band electrons obtain the energy of the photons and pass through the conduction band and form photoelectrons, while the valence band, correspondingly, forms photogenerated holes, and light in other areas will not be generated. The most common methods used to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 involve increasing its photoresponse range and reducing photogenerated-carrier coupling. The morphology, size, and structure of a heterojunction can be altered through element doping, leading to improved photocatalytic efficiency. Mainstream methods for preparing TiO2 are reviewed in this paper, with several excellent preparation schemes for improving the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 introduced. TiO2 is mainly prepared using sol-gel, solvothermal, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, microwave-assisted, CVD and PVD methods, and TiO2 nanoparticles with excellent photocatalytic properties can also be prepared. Ti-containing materials are widely used to purify harmful gases, as well as contaminants from building materials, coatings, and daily necessities. Therefore, the preparation and applications of titanium materials have become globally popular research topics.

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