A Review on Mitigating the Problem of Packet Dropping & Energy Management in AD-HOC Wireless Network

Abstract

Abstract-In mobile ad hoc network communication is performed usually by using only send and receive messages and every node is powered by limited energy from low capacity battery. Devices in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) i.e. called nodes are typically battery-powered or energy dependent. The sources of power are providing the capability of working and measures in joules unit that's why it also called energy. Every send or receive message takes particular amount of energy from the node. So node's total energy level gradually decreases each time while it is sending or receiving something. In this way node will die out and packets coming from the source will be dropped since one of the routing node on the current route is no longer functioning. These packet loss events are observed and minimized in this project. In the proposed approach, when source receives Warning Message from any routing node on the ongoing route then it will stop sending packets on the ongoing route. Critical energy level of routing node has been defined to generate a Warning Message when routing node's energy level reduces to critical energy level. The growing need for energy efficiency in cable less networks, in general, and in mobile ad hoc networks in particular, calls for energy enhancement features. Energy aware scheme can be applied in MANET routing protocols. Average change in energy over time in the unmodified protocols show a steady increase with time, while the energy aware protocols show an increase in the starting, then it levels for some time before it starts to decrease. The energy aware scheme shows improvements in static and in coordinated mobility scenarios. In random mobility the energy aware protocols show no advantage over the unmodified protocols. In this paper provides as well as analyzes different energy efficient routing protocols designed for ad hoc wireless Networks which are only based on the mechanism of routing protocol.