A review on ochratoxin A occurrence and effects of processing of cereal and cereal derived food products

Duarte, Sofia; Pena, Angelina; Lino, Celeste M.

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2009.11.016

Cited by 346 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The Ochratoxins can be found in cereals, coffee, dried fruit, and red wine. It can be accumulated in the meat of animals and thus, meat and meat products can be contaminated with this toxin (36)(37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Types Of Mycotoxins and Their Natural Commoditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The chemical nature of most of the mycotoxins makes them highly liposoluble compounds that can be absorbed from the site of exposure such as from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract to the blood stream where it can be dissimilated throughout the body and reach different organs such as the liver and kidneys. Mycotoxins have a strong tendency and ability to penetrate the human and animal cells and reach the cellular genome where it causes a major mutagenic change in the nucleotide sequence which leads to strong and permanent defects in the genome. This defect will eventually be transcribed, translated and lead to the development of cancer. In this review, the chemical and physical nature of mycotoxins, the action of mycotoxins on the cellular genome and its effect on humans, mycotoxins and their carcinogenicity and mycotoxins research gaps are discussed, and new research areas are suggested. The research review posed various questions. What are the different mycotoxins that can cause cancer, what is the role of mycotoxins in causing cancer and what types of cancers can be caused by mycotoxins? These questions have been selected due to the significant increase in the mycotoxin contamination and the cancer incidence rate in the contemporary world. By revealing and understanding the role of mycotoxins in developing cancer, measures to reduce the risks and incidents of cancer could be taken.

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Section: Types Of Mycotoxins and Their Natural Commoditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

et al. 2017

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“…Dchratoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, usually present in cereals, coffee, grapes, peppers, and cocoa (Amézqueta et al, 2009;Duarte et al, 2010). Dchratoxin A (DTA) in tropical climates is produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus from the Nigri group, which includes Aspergillus carbonarius (Kara et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of drying methods on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): antioxidant activity and presence of ochratoxin A

et al. 2018

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This work aimed to evaluate the performance of different drying methods in the development of phenolic compounds, methylxanthines, and antioxidant activity in cocoa bean and to evaluate the presence of ochratoxin A (DTA). Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH, FRAP, DRAC and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. Phenolic compounds and methylxanthines were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). DTA was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLR). Ot was found that during cocoa drying, there was a reduction in antioxidant activity with reduced phenolic compound content (0.04 mg.g -1 of catechin before drying to 0.02 mg.g -1 after drying) and reduced methylxanthines (19.44 mg.g -1 of theobromine before drying to 11.71 mg.g -1 after drying). Dnly one sample showed contamination by DTA (7.1 μg.kg -1). The traditional drying method showed the highest conservation of antioxidant activity and methylxanthine and phenolic compound content.

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“…The variation in OTA contamination in samples between market outlets was attributed to difference in storage conditions that promote the growth of molds (Duarte, Pena & Lino, 2010;Volkova, 2013). The selling and storage structures in Githurai are relatively well designed such that cereals are relatively less exposed unlike in Gikomba market.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Ochratoxin A in Selected Cereal Grains Retailed in Nairobi County, Kenya

Karoki¹,

Njue²,

Swaleh³

et al. 2018

JFR

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) belongs to a group of mycotoxins which are a key threat to quality of cereals based foodstuff. Mycotoxins are toxic, carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic and immunotoxic secondary metabolites of certain molds occurring in crop produce and their products. OTA occurs naturally in majority of foodstuffs such as coffee, cereal grains and beverages. The aim of the study was to determine the levels of OTA in cereal grains sampled from various market outlets in Nairobi County, Kenya. The levels of OTA were determined from 27 samples of finger millet (Eleusine coracana), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains. The levels of OTA in grains was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that wheat grains recorded the highest contamination (2.1478±0.3061 ng/g) followed by sorghum (1.0311±0.0635 ng/g), while finger millet recorded the lowest levels (0.6918±0.0315 ng/g). Cereal samples from Gikomba outlet had a higher contamination (1.1750±0.0353 -3.8147±0.4317 µg kg ). OTA levels in samples from Nyamakima outlet were below the detection limit of HPLC (0.03 µg/L). Though levels are lower than maximum allowable limits for OTA in cereals in the European Union (5 µg/kg) and United Kingdom (10 µg/kg), chronic exposure can have serious health risk. The study provides baseline data on the levels of OTA in finger millet, sorghum and wheat grains retailed in Nairobi County, Kenya. The information creates awareness on the potential health risk associated with chronic exposure to OTA from cereals.

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A review on ochratoxin A occurrence and effects of processing of cereal and cereal derived food products

Cited by 346 publications

References 68 publications

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

Influence of drying methods on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): antioxidant activity and presence of ochratoxin A

Determination of Ochratoxin A in Selected Cereal Grains Retailed in Nairobi County, Kenya

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