A Review on Optical Measurement Method of Chemical Oxygen Demand in Water Bodies

Liu, Fei; Zheng, Peichao; Huang, Baichuan; Zhao, Xue; Jiao, Leizi; Dong, Daming

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48357-3_60

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In recent years, additional parameters have been included in water quality monitoring using online UV-Vis spectrophotometers [8], such as measurements of dissolved organic matter [9], chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water bodies [10] and disinfectant in drinking water [11]. It has gradually been applied for the process control of water treatment, particularly for the coagulation process [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Online UV-Vis Spectrophotometer for Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Process Control: A Review

Shi

Chow

Fabris

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Water quality monitoring is an essential component of water quality management for water utilities for managing the drinking water supply. Online UV-Vis spectrophotometers are becoming popular choices for online water quality monitoring and process control, as they are reagent free, do not require sample pre-treatments and can provide continuous measurements. The advantages of the online UV-Vis sensors are that they can capture events and allow quicker responses to water quality changes compared to conventional water quality monitoring. This review summarizes the applications of online UV-Vis spectrophotometers for drinking water quality management in the last two decades. Water quality measurements can be performed directly using the built-in generic algorithms of the online UV-Vis instruments, including absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), colour, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total organic carbon (TOC), turbidity and nitrate. To enhance the usability of this technique by providing a higher level of operations intelligence, the UV-Vis spectra combined with chemometrics approach offers simplicity, flexibility and applicability. The use of anomaly detection and an early warning was also discussed for drinking water quality monitoring at the source or in the distribution system. As most of the online UV-Vis instruments studies in the drinking water field were conducted at the laboratory- and pilot-scale, future work is needed for industrial-scale evaluation with ab appropriate validation methodology. Issues and potential solutions associated with online instruments for water quality monitoring have been provided. Current technique development outcomes indicate that future research and development work is needed for the integration of early warnings and real-time water treatment process control systems using the online UV-Vis spectrophotometers as part of the water quality management system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Online UV-Vis Spectrophotometer for Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Process Control: A Review

Shi

Chow

Fabris

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…Determination of chemical oxygen demand using UV-Vis spectrometric with close reflux method provides good linearity, precision, and accuracy [4]. This method enable to easily perform highly sensitive, considerably faster and easier, and minimize the use of digestion solution, however the selectivity and accuracy of UV-Vis spectrometry methods are limited by its co-sensitivity to difference substance and physical interference form turbidity [3,5,12]. The interference can be controlled using chemometrics-assisted spectrometry method [5,6] for data analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method enable to easily perform highly sensitive, considerably faster and easier, and minimize the use of digestion solution, however the selectivity and accuracy of UV-Vis spectrometry methods are limited by its co-sensitivity to difference substance and physical interference form turbidity [3,5,12]. The interference can be controlled using chemometrics-assisted spectrometry method [5,6] for data analysis. Control of physical interference is eliminated during sample preparation and digestion procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation Method on Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand Using Indirect UV-Vis Spectrometry

Rohyami¹,

Aprianto²,

Marjono³

2021

AMR

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The validation method for determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with indirect UV-Vis spectrometry have been done. This method enable to easily perform highly sensitive, considerably faster and easier, and minimize the use of digestion solution. This method is the development of standard method of COD determination by closed reflux using UV-Vis spectrometry so it requires the method validation stage. The validation is used to ensure linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, and accuracy values in accordance with quality control. This study was also carried out to formulate the uncertainty calculation modeling of COD on water analysis. The result of validation method show that the calibration curve linearity is 0.9994 with the linear regression equation Y = 0.0003X + 0.0005. The method is able to have high sensitivity in measuring COD value with low concentrations with limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 9.78 and 32.59 mg O2/L. Indirect UV-Vis spectrometry has high precision with relative standard deviation of 0.66% and high accuracy with the percentage of recovery of 91.35%. The uncertainty formulation model on determination of COD from the source of standard uncertainty of sample volume, calibration curves, and repeatability.

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“…In an excess of potassium dichromate, the substances in the water samples are reduced. Using a ferroin solution as an indicator, back titration is carried out with sulfuric acid and ferrous ammonium to calculate the amount of reducing substances, based on the amount of consumed ferrous sulfate of ammonia [5,6]. This method can detect water, effluent from sewage treatment plants and moderately polluted waste waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of Chemical Oxygen Demand through Modified Capsule Network Based on Hyperspectral Data

Deng

Zhang

2019

Applied Sciences

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This study focuses on the retrieval of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the Baiyangdian area in North China, using a modified capsule network. Herein, the capsule model was modified to analyze the regression relationship between 1-D hyperspectral data and COD values. The results indicate there is a statistically significant correlation between COD and the hyperspectral data. The accuracy of the capsule network was compared with the results obtained from using a traditional back-propagation neural network (BP) method. The capsule network achieved superior accuracy with fewer iterations, compared with the BP algorithm. An R2 value of 0.78 was obtained against measured COD values retrieved using the capsule network method, compared with a value of 0.42 for the BP algorithm retrievals. This suggests the capsule network method has great potential to solve regression problems in the field of remote sensing.

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A Review on Optical Measurement Method of Chemical Oxygen Demand in Water Bodies

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Applications of Online UV-Vis Spectrophotometer for Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Process Control: A Review

Applications of Online UV-Vis Spectrophotometer for Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Process Control: A Review

Validation Method on Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand Using Indirect UV-Vis Spectrometry

Retrieval of Chemical Oxygen Demand through Modified Capsule Network Based on Hyperspectral Data

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