A review on PEM electrolyzer modelling: Guidelines for beginners

Falcão, D.S.; Pinto, A.M.F.R.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121184

Cited by 338 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Dynamic characterization is crucial to better understand the dynamics of the PEM EL and to lead up to its modeling by an equivalent electrical circuit. Despite so many contributions that have been reported in the literature regarding the development of PEM EL models [23,47], dynamic operations are generally not taken into consideration in modeling the EL. Like PEM FCs, ELs are electrochemical devices requiring time to respond to dynamic operations due to the move of charge into the EL.…”

Section: Static and Dynamic Characterization Of The Electrolyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Emulator for Power Electronics Testing Applications

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article aims to develop a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer emulator. This emulator is realized through an equivalent electrical scheme. It allows taking into consideration the dynamic operation of PEM electrolyzers, which is generally neglected in the literature. PEM electrolyzer dynamics are reproduced by the use of supercapacitors, due to the high value of the equivalent double-layer capacitance value. Steady-state and dynamics operations are investigated in this work. The design criteria are addressed. The PEM electrolyzer emulator is validated by using a 400-W commercial PEM electrolyzer. This emulator is conceived to test new DC-DC converters to supply the PEM ELs and their control as well, avoiding the risk to damage a real electrolyzer for experiment purposes. The proposed approach is valid both for a single cell and for the whole stack emulation.

show abstract

Section: Static and Dynamic Characterization Of The Electrolyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Emulator for Power Electronics Testing Applications

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is performed by electrolyzers. Currently, different types of electrolyzer exist depending on the type of electrolyte used and charge carrier such as alkaline, proton exchange membrane (PEM) and solid oxide (SO) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faraday’s Efficiency Modeling of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Based on Experimental Data

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In electrolyzers, Faraday’s efficiency is a relevant parameter to assess the amount of hydrogen generated according to the input energy and energy efficiency. Faraday’s efficiency expresses the faradaic losses due to the gas crossover current. The thickness of the membrane and operating conditions (i.e., temperature, gas pressure) may affect the Faraday’s efficiency. The developed models in the literature are mainly focused on alkaline electrolyzers and based on the current and temperature change. However, the modeling of the effect of gas pressure on Faraday’s efficiency remains a major concern. In proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, the thickness of the used membranes is very thin, enabling decreasing ohmic losses and the membrane to operate at high pressure because of its high mechanical resistance. Nowadays, high-pressure hydrogen production is mandatory to make its storage easier and to avoid the use of an external compressor. However, when increasing the hydrogen pressure, the hydrogen crossover currents rise, particularly at low current densities. Therefore, faradaic losses due to the hydrogen crossover increase. In this article, experiments are performed on a commercial PEM electrolyzer to investigate Faraday’s efficiency based on the current and hydrogen pressure change. The obtained results have allowed modeling the effects of Faraday’s efficiency by a simple empirical model valid for the studied PEM electrolyzer stack. The comparison between the experiments and the model shows very good accuracy in replicating Faraday’s efficiency.

show abstract

“…There is also a need for developing the tools in order to test the electrolysers under different conditions to understand various phenomena taking place inside the electrolyser to predict the performance of the electrolyser in the cost effective way. Mathematical modelling plays a very crucial role towards this objective and acts as a dynamic connection between the electrolyser and the intermittent power source [10]. It also enables the researchers for the design optimization and developing the control for the system [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exhaustive reviews about PEM electrolyser modelling show that there is not much work done on the modelling of PEM electrolyser as compared to the PEM fuel cell [2,10]. However, the basic concept related to fuel cell can be adapted for modelling, control and optimisation of electrolyser due to structural and process similarity [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some other works as in References [14,15] can be found which are dedicated for fuel cell control analysis and its performance optimisation. Contrary to fuel cell modelling and analysis, some works for PEM electrolyser based on analytical models have been developed for studying the effect of different key variables on the polarization curve which can simulate it with fair accuracy [2,10]. As per literature review in Reference [16], mostly the empirical and semi-empirical models for PEM electrolyser exist that can predict the behaviour of the electrolyser under varying operating conditions (for example, different temperatures and pressures).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Generic Dynamical Model of PEM Electrolyser under Intermittent Sources

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolysis system is one of the promising technologies to produce green hydrogen from renewable energy sources (wind and solar). However, performance and dynamic analysis of PEM water electrolysis systems are challenging due to the intermittent nature of such sources and involved multi-physical behaviour of the components and subsystems. This study proposes a generic dynamical model of the PEM electrolysis system represented in a modular fashion using Bond Graph (BG) as a unified modelling approach. Causal and functional properties of the BG facilitate the formal PEM electrolyser model to adapt and to fit the different configurations of the electrolyser ranging from laboratory scale to industrial scale. The system-specific key parameter values are identified optimally for a laboratory-scale electrolyser system running on a multi-source energy platform using experimental data. The mean absolute percentage error between simulation and experimental data is found to be less than 5%. The performance characteristic curves of the electrolyser are predicted at different operating temperatures using the identified key parameters. The predicted performance is in good agreement with the expected behaviour of the electrolyser found in the literature. The model also estimates the different energy losses and the real-time efficiency of the system under dynamic inputs. With these capabilities, the developed model provides an economical mean for design, control, and diagnosis development of such systems.

show abstract

A review on PEM electrolyzer modelling: Guidelines for beginners

Cited by 338 publications

References 47 publications

Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Emulator for Power Electronics Testing Applications

Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Emulator for Power Electronics Testing Applications

Faraday’s Efficiency Modeling of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Based on Experimental Data

Generic Dynamical Model of PEM Electrolyser under Intermittent Sources

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About