A review on polyaniline-based materials applications in heavy metals removal and catalytic processes

Eskandari, Effat; Kosari, Mohammadreza; Farahani, Mohammad Hossein Davood Abadi; Khiavi, Negar Dasineh; Saeedikhani, Mohsen; Katal, Reza; Zarinejad, Mehrdad

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115901

Cited by 147 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 316 publications

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“…Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most studied conducting polymers. It has a wide range of applications, including wastewater processing [1,2], catalysis [2], sensing [3][4][5][6], biomedical [5,7,8], optical [9] and electrochemical [9][10][11][12][13] applications. Many of these areas require PANI in the form of a thin film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Stages of Chemical and Electrochemical Aniline Oxidation—Spectroscopic Comparative Study

2020

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There are several types of aniline oligomers that can be formed in the early stages of aniline oxidation: linear oligomers with repeating units joined in para positions, and various branched and polycyclic oligomers, being the two most important groups. The fraction of these different oligomeric groups depends upon the reaction conditions of aniline oxidation. The aim of this study was to analyze the first products of the chemical and electrochemical oxidation of aniline at the (starting) pH 1 and 7, in order to specify the conditions of the formation of phenazine-like oligomers, and to test the theory that they have an important role in polyaniline film formation. We have confirmed that phenazine-like oligomers do not form at pH 1, neither in the chemical nor the electrochemical oxidation of aniline; however, they form in both chemical and electrochemical oxidation of aniline at pH 7. Phenazine-like oligomers are thus definitely not necessary intermediates for PANI film formation, not even in the chemical polymerization of aniline. Finally, the redox behavior of phenazine-like oligomers was demonstrated in a medium at pH 1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Stages of Chemical and Electrochemical Aniline Oxidation—Spectroscopic Comparative Study

2020

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“…For example, a large portion of the conductive polymers-based hybrid photocatalysts has been prepared by using polyaniline (PANI), highly considered for its high conductivity, simple preparation, and reasonable stability [280,281]. PANI has been combined with many semiconductor metal oxides, such as TiO 2 [282,283], ZnO [284][285][286], ZrO 2 [287], CoFe 2 O 4 [288], or SnO 2 [289] to prepare the composite photocatalysts developed to address the issue of water contamination by different monoand multivalent heavy metal ions in recent years.…”

Section: Conductive Polymers-based Hybrid Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitive Hybrid Nanostructured Materials: The Big Challenges for Sunlight Capture

2020

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Solar radiation is becoming increasingly appreciated because of its influence on living matter and the feasibility of its application for a variety of purposes. It is an available and everlasting natural source of energy, rapidly gaining ground as a supplement and alternative to the nonrenewable energy feedstock. Actually, an increasing interest is involved in the development of efficient materials as the core of photocatalytic and photothermal processes, allowing solar energy harvesting and conversion for many technological applications, including hydrogen production, CO2 reduction, pollutants degradation, as well as organic syntheses. Particularly, photosensitive nanostructured hybrid materials synthesized coupling inorganic semiconductors with organic compounds, and polymers or carbon-based materials are attracting ever-growing research attention since their peculiar properties overcome several limitations of photocatalytic semiconductors through different approaches, including dye or charge transfer complex sensitization and heterostructures formation. The aim of this review was to describe the most promising recent advances in the field of hybrid nanostructured materials for sunlight capture and solar energy exploitation by photocatalytic processes. Beside diverse materials based on metal oxide semiconductors, emerging photoactive systems, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and hybrid perovskites, were discussed. Finally, future research opportunities and challenges associated with the design and development of highly efficient and cost-effective photosensitive nanomaterials for technological claims were outlined.

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“…Calibration curves were obtained for MB (λ max = 664 nm) and for FL (λ max = 489 nm). Equilibrium uptake (mmol/g) was calculated using Equation (2), according to differences between the final and initial concentrations at equilibrium [30]:…”

Section: Equilibrium Dye Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PANI-based materials are widely used in catalysis, adsorption, solar cells, battery production, gas and vapour sensors, etc. [1,2]. Although PANI has been known for well over 150 years, comprehensive studies span less than 50 years [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Multicomponent Biocomposites and Characterization of Their Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties

2020

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This work focused on a mutual comparison and characterization of the physicochemical properties of three-component polymer composites. Binary polyaniline–chitosan (PANI–CHT) composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization of PANI onto CHT. Ternary composites were prepared by blending with a third component, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Composites with variable PANI:CHT (25:75, 50:50 and 75:25) weight ratios were prepared whilst fixing the composition of PVA. The structure and physicochemical properties of the composites were evaluated using thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) and spectroscopic methods (infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)). The equilibrium and dynamic adsorption properties of composites were evaluated by solvent swelling in water, water vapour adsorption and dye adsorption isotherms. The electrical conductivity was estimated using current–voltage curves. The mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and correlated with the structural parameters of the composites. The adsorption and swelling properties paralleled the change in the electrical and mechanical properties of the materials. In most cases, samples with higher content of chitosan exhibit higher adsorption and mechanical properties, and lower conductivity. Acid-doped samples showed much higher adsorption, swelling, and electrical conductivity than their undoped analogues.

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A review on polyaniline-based materials applications in heavy metals removal and catalytic processes

Cited by 147 publications

References 316 publications

The First Stages of Chemical and Electrochemical Aniline Oxidation—Spectroscopic Comparative Study

The First Stages of Chemical and Electrochemical Aniline Oxidation—Spectroscopic Comparative Study

Photosensitive Hybrid Nanostructured Materials: The Big Challenges for Sunlight Capture

Preparation of Multicomponent Biocomposites and Characterization of Their Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties

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