A review on protection issues in micro-grids embedded with distribution generations

Abstract

According to recent developments, the application of distributed generations (DGs) has become popular especially in distribution systems. The high utilization of distributed generating resources in modern power systems can cause new challenges from protection coordination perspectives. Changing the distribution system structure from single-supply radial system to multi-source ring network, leads to the bidirectional power flow and also has a vital impact on protection coordination issues. In addition, micro-grids can be operated under gridconnected as well as islanded mode, and fault current is extensively different for these two operation modes. Therefore, traditional protection algorithms cannot be used in the advancement of power systems. In recent years, several research studies have been conducted to investigate the improvement of protection schemes in micro-grids. This paper presents a comprehensive review on protection problems resulting from micro-grids embedded with DGs, and discusses some alternate protection strategies.

Microgrid Protection Challenges and Mitigation Approaches–A Comprehensive Review

“…Articles [7], [63], proposed the dynamic adaptive protection for distributed systems for both grid-connected and islanded operation modes. AC microgrid protection challenges are analyzed in terms of fault classification, fault detection methods, fault location methods, and relay coordination [72], [143], [144]. Moreover, available protection methods are analyzed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages.…”

Review of microgrid protection strategies: current status and future prospects

“…FCL allows normal power flow during normal operation, however limiting the magnitude of fault current under the fault situation. Also, FCLs have a very small resistance and it does not affect frequently the efficiency of the power system [64]. For symmetrical three-phase fault, when the capacity of the circuit breaker is less than the transient and steady state fault current, then the FCL should limit the excesses current.…”

Robust Coordination Scheme for Microgrids Protection Based on the Rate of Change of Voltage

“…In [13], an adaptive protection coordination scheme has been discussed based on a centralized controller running the real time analysis of the data received from the intelligent electronic devices. The wide area monitoring system is implemented by the application of phasor measurements units and implemented for all nodes and branches of the AC grid in [14]. A differential protection strategy is developed using data mining techniques which relies on communicating measurements between two relays of the protected feeder [15]- [16].…”