A Review on Reliability, Security and Future Aspects of Photoplethysmography

Kaur, Amrita; Arora, Aman

doi:10.1109/icicict46008.2019.8993119

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Santos and colleagues [ 44 ] developed a stand-alone pulse oximeter based on PPG technology and equipped with a contact force sensor and found that contact force has influences also in SpO 2 , which was found to decrease as the CP was increasing. Nevertheless, assessing the optimal range of contact force is still challenging due to the wide variability of the subjects in terms of age, gender and arterial stiffness [ 43 , 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Effect of Contact Pressure during Physical Activity on Photoplethysmographic Heart Rate Measurements

Scardulla

D’Acquisto

Colombarini

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Heart rate (HR) as an important physiological indicator could properly describe global subject’s physical status. Photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensors are catching on in field of wearable sensors, combining the advantages in costs, weight and size. Nevertheless, accuracy in HR readings is unreliable specifically during physical activity. Among several identified sources that affect PPG recording, contact pressure (CP) between the PPG sensor and skin greatly influences the signals. Methods: In this study, the accuracy of HR measurements of a PPG sensor at different CP was investigated when compared with a commercial ECG-based chest strap used as a test control, with the aim of determining the optimal CP to produce a reliable signal during physical activity. Seventeen subjects were enrolled for the study to perform a physical activity at three different rates repeated at three different contact pressures of the PPG-based wristband. Results: The results show that the CP of 54 mmHg provides the most accurate outcome with a Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from 0.81 to 0.95 and a mean average percentage error ranging from 3.8% to 2.4%, based on the physical activity rate. Conclusion: Authors found that changes in the CP have greater effects on PPG-HR signal quality than those deriving from the intensity of the physical activity and specifically, the individual best CP for each subject provided reliable HR measurements even for a high intensity of physical exercise with a Bland–Altman plot within ±11 bpm. Although future studies on a larger cohort of subjects are still needed, this study could contribute a profitable indication to enhance accuracy of PPG-based wearable devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%