A review on RO membrane technology: Developments and challenges

Shenvi, Seema S.; Isloor, Arun M.; Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.12.042

Cited by 475 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…It is reported that the concentrations of the rejected salts in brine from desalination plants using reverse osmosis (RO) systems are 2-2.5 times higher than those in influent seawater [19], suggesting that brine could be a promising material for CO 2 [24], and K sp (calcite) = 3.36 × 10 −9 at 25 • C each [25]). This paper introduces the first use of non-synthesized brine discharged from a functional seawater desalination plant for CO 2 mineralization; we have particularly focused on the precipitation of Mg carbonates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Mineralization Using Brine Discharged from a Seawater Desalination Plant

et al. 2017

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CO 2 mineralization is a method of sequestering CO 2 in the form of carbonated minerals. Brine discharged from seawater desalination is a potential source of Mg and Ca, which can precipitate CO 2 as forms of their carbonate minerals. The concentration of Mg and Ca in brine are twice those in the seawater influent to desalination process. This study used a cycle for CO 2 mineralization that involves an increase in the pH of the brine, followed by CO 2 bubbling, and, finally, filtration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that non-synthesized brine from a seawater desalination plant has been used for CO 2 mineralization. The resulting precipitates were CaCO 3 (calcite), Mg 5 (CO 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 ·4H 2 O (hydromagnesite), and NaCl (halite) with these materials being identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermo gravimetric-differentail thermal Analysis (TGA)-DTA. Despite the presence of Ca with Mg in brine being unfavorable for the precipitation of Mg carbonate, Mg reacted with CO 2 to form hydromagnesite at a yield of 86%. Most of the Ca formed calcite, at 99% yield. This study empirically demonstrates that brine from seawater desalination plants can be used for CO 2 mineralization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Mineralization Using Brine Discharged from a Seawater Desalination Plant

et al. 2017

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“…Conventional methods include thermal technologies such as multi-stage flash (MSF) and multi-effect distillation (MED) which have been most widely used worldwide, especially in oil-producing countries (Khawaji et al, 2008, Darwish and El-Dessouky, 1996, Humplik et al, 2011, Kesieme et al, 2013. Membrane-based technologies have also been proposed and used recently, including electrodialysis (ED), reverse osmosis (RO), and forward osmosis (FO) (Sadrzadeh and Mohammadi, 2008, McGinnis and Elimelech, 2007, Lee et al, 2011, Shenvi et al, 2015. These membrane-based processes are deemed environmentally-friendly due to the less energy intensive operation compared to the thermal processes.…”

Section: Introduction To Reverse Osmosis Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, these two parameters are a trade-off in that an increase in the flux may bring about low salt rejection and vice versa. However, substantial efforts have recently been made to satisfy the commercially-applicable high flux together with high enough salt rejection for drinking-quality water (Humplik et al, 2011, Lee et al, 2011, Giwa et al, 2016, Shenvi et al, 2015. To fulfil this aim, developments in membrane materials should be in the forefront.…”

Section: Introduction To Reverse Osmosis Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The desalination process has substantial potential to provide new fresh water from non-conventional resources such as seawater, which accounts for over 97% of the total water. Although desalination by thermal process, such as distillation, is still popular in areas with plentiful energy sources, reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has now been highlighted as a clean technology by using membranes rather than consuming fossil fuels directly (Charcosset, 2009, Eshoul et al, 2015, Shenvi et al, 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These membrane-based processes are deemed environmentally-friendly due to the less energy intensive operation compared to the thermal processes. Of the membrane processes, RO is regarded as the most promising and leading technology in desalination (Eshoul et al, 2015, Inukai et al, 2015, Shenvi et al, 2015. In osmosis, osmotic pressure is generated by concentration differences between solutions, which draws the solvent from the less concentrated solution (e.g.…”

Section: Introduction To Reverse Osmosis Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A computational approach to evaluation of nanoporous zeolitic membranes for reverse osmosis desalination

Han¹

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Water scarcity has become one of the major global concerns. Research has shown that more than one-third of the population throughout the world resides in water-stressed regions now.Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has recently been highlighted as a clean technology that is less energy intensive using membranes rather than directly consuming fossil fuels.Advances in nanomaterials have opened new possibilities for RO membrane materials. Zeolites are one of the candidate materials due to their crystalline structures and durability. However, the performance of zeolite membranes has not been successful for practical use due to poor water flux.Thus, we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate, at the molecular level, a series of potential zeolite types which have been rarely studied for application in desalination. We determine diffusion coefficients and the structure of water when it passes through pores of these zeolites. In addition, we examine the potential of mean force for water or ions as they move into and through a zeolite membrane in order to evaluate how favourable the passage of the molecule of interest through each membrane is. This provided us with some criteria (i.e. water permeability and ion selectivity) to judge if the membrane is likely to have suitable desalination performance. Without this molecular-level understanding, selection of zeolite materials for desalination membranes is difficult.Some widely-studied types and potential types of zeolites were selected for our study. The common types have all 3-dimensional (3-D) pore structures, while the potential zeolites have 1-dimensional (1-D) cylindrical pores. To investigate the water dynamics and structure in these different pores, we employed molecular (MD) dynamics simulations. The MD results showed the water self-diffusivity, which indicates a molecular mobility, in the 1-D pores is up to 18-time higher than that of the 3-D pores. As it was found that water molecules formed clusters, water droplets, and moved collectively at low water density in the zeolite pores, the water collective diffusivity, which is directly related to water flux, was also measured for the all the case of zeolites. This collective diffusivity through the 1-D pore zeolites was around one order of magnitude higher than that of the 3-D pore zeolites, suggesting our 1-D zeolites selected are promising as high flux membranes.To evaluate the thermodynamic stability for water or ion of interest when they pass across the zeolite membranes, the potential of mean force calculations were carried out using MD simulations.We selected one of the 3-D pore zeolites (LTA) and another of the 1-D pore zeolites (VET) for the membrane. In general, these membranes had a moderate energy barrier to water transport, but a very high barrier to sodium or chloride ion transport except the VET membrane. The chloride ion ii had a minimum in the potential of mean force at the pore entrance and a preference for the chloride ion to enter the pore than to enter the bulk solution for the...

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Membranes for Wastewater Treatment

Zirehpour¹,

Rahimpour²

2016

Nanostructured Polymer Membranes

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A review on RO membrane technology: Developments and challenges

Cited by 475 publications

References 204 publications

CO2 Mineralization Using Brine Discharged from a Seawater Desalination Plant

CO2 Mineralization Using Brine Discharged from a Seawater Desalination Plant

A computational approach to evaluation of nanoporous zeolitic membranes for reverse osmosis desalination

Membranes for Wastewater Treatment

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