A review on separation and purification techniques for biodiesel production with special emphasis on Jatropha oil as a feedstock

Suthar, Krunal J.; Dwivedi, Ankur; Joshipura, Milind

doi:10.1002/apj.2361

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Hypothetical oil to methanol molar ratio should be 1:3 for the complete transesterification of oil into FAMEs 44 . Though transesterification reaction is a reversible process and hence, excess amount of methanol is required to shift the equilibrium toward forward direction for obtaining the highest FAME yield 45 . It has been reported that to attain the highest yield of FAMEs in lesser duration in a reaction catalyzed by heterogeneous catalyst, more oil to alcohol molar ratios (up to 1:30) are required 46 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium and 12‐tungstophosphoric acid loaded alumina as heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification as well as transesterification of waste cooking oil in a single pot

Singh

Ali

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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To prepare the heterogeneous catalyst for the simultaneous transesterification and esterification of waste cooking oil (WO), 12‐tungustophosphoric acid (TPA) and K+ were loaded over alumina. The catalyst structure was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction analysis while the catalyst composition and the elemental oxidation state by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic study. The surface morphology of the catalyst was established by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The temperature‐programmed desorption study supports the existence of basic and acidic sites over the catalyst surface owing to the presence of potassium oxide and TPA, respectively. Underneath the optimized conditions for reaction, that is, 10 wt% of catalyst with respect to oil, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature, 97% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was obtained within 1.25 h of reaction time. The catalyst was recovered from the reaction mixture via centrifugation and reused in four consecutive runs. Moreover, the presence of high moisture (4 wt%) and free fatty acid (7.8 wt%) contents was not found to have any adverse effect on the catalyst activity. To demonstrate the catalyst stability, the metal content in the reaction mixture was analyzed, and total metal content was found to be less than 2 ppm to hold the catalyst stability. The kinetic study suggests that the reaction follows (pseudo) first‐order kinetic equation with the prepared catalyst.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium and 12‐tungstophosphoric acid loaded alumina as heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification as well as transesterification of waste cooking oil in a single pot

Singh

Ali

2020

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…Some studies have shown high contents of esters, [ 24,25,76 ] however, the reactions were conducted using a catalyst, which has the disadvantages of the need for additional steps for separation/recovery of the catalyst, [ 77 ] loss of catalytic activity after its reuse [ 55 ] and high generation of wastewater. [ 78 ] Brondani et al. [ 24 ] and Nunes and Castilhos [ 76 ] noted that a longer reaction time was required, and the reactor used was a batch type, which can lead to difficulties with regard to heating and cooling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Product from Low Pressure Extraction (Crambe Seed Oil and Methyl Acetate) for Synthesis of Methyl Esters and Triacetin Under Supercritical Conditions

Postaue

Mello

Cardozo‐Filho

et al. 2020

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Methyl esters (ME) and triacetin production from the supercritical interesterification of the product from low pressure extraction (crambe seed oil and methyl acetate) are evaluated. Reactions are conducted at 300-375°C for different residence times, at 20 MPa, and under these conditions the thermal stability of triacetin is evaluated. The effect of the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration (in oil) is determined. An increase in temperature favors the formation of ME and triacetin at shorter reaction times. At 375°C, after 15 min a drop in the ME yield is observed and triacetin is not detected. A reduction in the triacetin concentration (reaching ≈99%) is observed at 375°C. High FFA concentration (in oil) initially provided higher product generation, however, after 15 min no influence is observed. The highest ME yield (≈60%) is obtained at 300°C, along with 1.22 wt% triacetin and ≈5.0 wt% unreacted compounds. Practical Applications: This paper reports new experimental data on an integrated process for the production of methyl esters from low pressure extraction (crambe seeds and methyl acetate) and supercritical reaction of the extraction mixture. The technique used allows the removal of a high quantity of oil from good quality crambe seeds. The viability of applying the integrated process to obtain oils with a high content of free fatty acids is verified, promoting the obtainment of relatively simple methyl esters. The procedure does not require oil purification and solvent recovery prior to the reaction.

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“…14,15 Jatropha oil has been utilized by several researchers for the production of different biofuels through various methods such as fermentation, cracking, and transesterification. 16,17 The fermentation of algae synthesizes bioethanol and is expected to be an expensive process 18 , whereas bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis process at higher temperature is comparatively corrosive and has less calorific value. 19 The fatty acid methyl esters of C18 range that resembles commercial diesel in hydrocarbon chain length is termed as biodiesel, and it is the primary product of transesterification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silver nanoparticle from X‐ray film and its application in production of biofuel from jatropha oil

Ganesan

Narasimhalu

Joice³

et al. 2020

Intl J of Energy Research

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Recycling of waste material and production of biofuels are the thrust areas to modern technology. The basic idea behind this work is to regenerate waste silver from X-ray films and to employ them in biofuel production from jatropha oil. Stable silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared using Quercus infectoria (oak gall) and raw Camellia sinensis (tea) extracts. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectra, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fe-SEM technique. The temperature of the reactions, weight hourly space velocity, and time of reaction decide the yield of biofuel, and the parameters were optimized over Ag NP catalyst. Apart from yield of biofuel, the proportion of gasoline fraction (C5-C9) was also peer monitored. A maximum of 90% conversion of jatropha oil was converted into 85% biofuel with 76% selectivity toward gasoline over Ag NPs. Flash point, fire point, calorific value, cloud point, specific gravity, and viscosity of the gasoline were evaluated and correlated with ASTM D6751 standards.

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A review on separation and purification techniques for biodiesel production with special emphasis on Jatropha oil as a feedstock

Cited by 39 publications

References 126 publications

Potassium and 12‐tungstophosphoric acid loaded alumina as heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification as well as transesterification of waste cooking oil in a single pot

Potassium and 12‐tungstophosphoric acid loaded alumina as heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification as well as transesterification of waste cooking oil in a single pot

Use of the Product from Low Pressure Extraction (Crambe Seed Oil and Methyl Acetate) for Synthesis of Methyl Esters and Triacetin Under Supercritical Conditions

Synthesis of silver nanoparticle from X‐ray film and its application in production of biofuel from jatropha oil

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