A Review on Synthesis, Optimization, Mechanism, Characterization, and Antibacterial Application of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Plants

Abstract

Developments in nanotechnology and natural product research toward the search for novel antibacterial agents have drawn the interest of many scientists to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from natural product (especially plants) due to its numerous benefits over other methods of synthesis such as been easy, economical, convenient, and environmental friendly. Aside from the aforementioned advantages, the synthesis of AgNPs from medicinal plant has been reported as the best approach of synthesizing AgNPs with great biological activities due to the numerous biomolecules found in plants. Recently, the number of researches toward the improvement of the yield, morphological properties, analytical techniques, and the development of optimal conditions and exact mechanism for synthesizing AgNPs from plants have been increasing tremendously. In this review, we present a comprehensive report on the recent development in the synthesis, optimization conditions, mechanism, and characterization techniques of AgNPs synthesized from plant extracts. Furthermore, a thorough discussion on the recent advances in the application of AgNPs synthesized from plant as therapeutic agent against bacterial infections was made.

Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, Applications, Cytotoxicity and Safety Issues: An Updated Review

“…The occurrence of functional groups in the biosynthesized extracts (plants or microorganisms), which are responsible for the reduction and stabilization of silver ions, can be efficiently determined with the help of the FTIR technique. FTIR is used to investigate the surface chemistry of metal nanoparticles [ 122 ]. During FTIR analysis, IR radiation is passed through the sample, resulting in some IR radiation being absorbed by the sample while some passes through it.…”

Green Strategy–Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications

“…Plant extracts possess a wide variety of active biomolecules with antioxidant activity. The biomolecules include phenolic acids, starch, sugars, terpenoids, phytosterols, alkaloids, polyphenol, proteins, enzymes, coenzymes, and ferulic acid esters that play an important part in the bio-reduction, functionalization, and stabilization of nanoparticles (Verma et al, 2019;Akintelu et al, 2020;Verma et al, 2020;Eram et al, 2021). The antioxidant properties of phytochemicals are mainly attributed to the reducing abilities that permit them to operate as reducing agents and singlet oxygen scavengers, therefore reducing metal salts to nanoscale by scavenging electrons from them (Zhang et al, 2020).…”

Silver Nanoparticles Formation by Jatropha integerrima and LC/MS-QTOF-Based Metabolite Profiling

“…AgNPs are also common anticancer agents; they can initiate programmed cell death by disrupting membrane integrity and cellular functions as well as causing damage to the nucleus membrane, genetic mutations, and toxicity [ 6 ]. Many scientists are involved in nanotechnology and natural product science to identify novel antibacterial agents [ 7 ]. Nanoscience enables the production of various nanoparticles (NPs) from a wide variety of sources, which can be categorized based on their unique chemical, physical, and biological properties [ 8 ].…”

“…In particular, much research has been focused on forming silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plants since it has more advantages in relation to other means of synthesis, such as being quick, cost-effective, practical, and environmentally friendly [ 7 , 10 ]. In addition, plants contain diverse phytochemicals and a wide variety of natural organic compounds with complicated chemical structures; such medicinal plants showed great ability in forming AgNPs with desired therapeutic actions [ 11 ].…”