A Review on the Challenges for Increased Production of Castor

Abstract

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the oldest cultivated crops, but currently it represents only 0.15% of the vegetable oil produced in the world. Castor oil is of continuing importance to the global specialty chemical industry because it is the only commercial source of a hydroxylated fatty acid. Castor also has tremendous future potential as an industrial oilseed crop because of its high seed oil content (more than 480 g kg−1), unique fatty acid composition (900 g kg−1 of ricinoleic acid), potentially high oil yields (1250–2500 L ha−1), and ability to be grown under drought and saline conditions. The scientific literature on castor has been generated by a relatively small global community of researchers over the past century. Much of this work was published in dozens of languages in journals that are not easily accessible to the scientific community. This review was conducted to provide a compilation of the most relevant historic research information and define the tremendous future potential of castor. The article was prepared by a group of 22 scientists from 16 institutions and eight countries. Topics discussed in this review include: (i) germplasm, genetics, breeding, biotic stresses, genome sequencing, and biotechnology; (ii) agronomic production practices, diseases, and abiotic stresses; (iii) management and reduction of toxins for the use of castor meal as both an animal feed and an organic fertilizer; (iv) future industrial uses of castor including renewable fuels; (v) world production, consumption, and prices; and (vi) potential and challenges for increased castor production.

Emissões De Gases De Efeito Estufa Na Produção De Mamona E De Seus Subprodutos

“…Após a separação, a produção em grãos foi de 1,5 Mg ha -1 ano -1 . Esta quantidade produzida foi considerada adequada para as variedades (BRS Nordestina e BRS Paraguaçu) e a forma de cultivo na região (SEVERINO et al, 2012). Mesmo assim, esses valores representam praticamente o dobro em relação a média nacional apresentada no Levantamento Sistemático da Produção Agrícola (IBGE, 2010).…”

“…Esse valor corresponde perfeitamente à quantidade de óleo das variedades recebidas (SEVERINO et al, 2012). No banco de germoplasma do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA), entre os 1033 acessos selecionados, o teor de óleo das sementes variou de 370 a 610 g kg -1 (WANG et al, 2010).…”

Impact of castor meal on root-knot and free-living nematodes

“…Castor meal (Ricinus communis) can reduce plantparasitic nematode numbers Severino et al, 2012). In our preliminary experiments, castor meal was slightly phytotoxic to papaya (Carica papaya) and acerola (Malpighia emarginata) but also reduced Meloidogyne spp.…”

“…On average it has 43 % crude protein and 20 % fiber. It typically contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, but the chemical composition varies between batches and sources (Severino et al, 2012). The castor meal used in this study was obtained from the Hale cultivar, with seeds submitted to dry heating in an oven at 105 o C for 3 h, followed by expeller extraction with additional heat in the expeller body.…”

Selectivity of Chlorimuron-Ethyl to Castorbean Crops

“…However, the world consumption has been limited by the low availability in the market (Severino et al, 2012), which demonstrates great economic potential to expand the cultivation of this oleaginous plant (Campbell et al, 2014).…”