A review on the distribution of Hg in the environment and its human health impacts

Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Kabir, Ehsanul; Jahan, Shamin Ara

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.031

Cited by 412 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…gov/urban-air-toxics/urban-air-toxic-pollutants; last access: 1 August 2018). Depending on the aerosol composition, extent and time of exposure, previous studies have confirmed that most elemental components of fine particles (PM 2.5 ; particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 µm) exert a multitude of significant diseases from pulmonary inflammation, to increased heart rate variability, to decreased immune response (Fergusson, 1990;Morman and Plumlee, 2013;Leung et al, 2008;Hu et al, 2012;Pardo et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Atmospheric trace elements, especially metal species, are an emerging environmental and health concern with insufficient understanding of their levels and sources in Shanghai, the most important industrial megacity in China.Here we continuously performed a 1 year (from March 2016 to February 2017) and hourly resolved measurement of 18 elements in fine particles (PM 2.5 ) at the Shanghai urban center with an Xact multi-metals monitor and several collocated instruments. Mass concentrations (mean ± 1σ ; ng m −3 ) determined by Xact ranged from detection limits (nominally 0.1 to 20 ng m −3 ) to 15 µg m −3 . Element-related oxidized species comprised an appreciable fraction of PM 2.5 during all seasons, accounting for 8.3 % on average. As a comparison, the atmospheric elements concentration level in Shanghai was comparable with that in other industrialized cities in East Asia but 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than at sites in North America and Europe. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify and apportion the sources of the elements in the PM 2.5 mass. Five different factors were resolved (notable elements and relative contribution in parentheses): traffic-related (Ca, Fe, Ba, Si; 46 %), shipping (V, Ni; 6 %), nonferrous metal smelting (Ag, Cd, Au; 15 %), coal combustion (As, Se, Hg, Pb; 18 %) and ferrous metal smelting (Cr, Mn, Zn; 15 %). The contribution from the exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions, i.e., the traffic-related factor shows a strong bimodal diurnal profile with average concentration over 2 times higher during the rush hour than during nighttime. The shipping factor was firmly identified because V and Ni, two recognized tracers of shipping emissions, are almost exclusively transported from the East China Sea and their ratio (around 3.2) falls within the variation range of V / Ni ratios in particles emitted from heavy oil combustion. Interestingly, nearly half of the K was derived from coal combustion with high mineral affinity (elements associated with aluminosilicates, carbonates and other minerals in coal ash). The contributions of nonferrous metal smelting to the trace elements are consistent with a newly developed emission inventory. Although the precipitation scavenging effect on the mass concentration of the trace elements varied among different species and sources, precipiPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11794Y. Chang et al.: First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements tation could effectively lower the concentration of the trafficand coal combustion-related trace elements. Therefore, water spray to simulate natural types of precipitation could be one of the abatement strategies to facilitate the reduction of ambient PM 2.5 trace elements in the urban atmosphere. Collectively, our findings in this study provide baseline levels and sources of trace elements with high detail, which are needed for developing effective control strategies to reduce the high risk of acute exposure to atmospheri...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

et al. 2018

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“…The samples were then dried with sterile paper on a clean glass plate for 10 min. The dried samples were stirred in acetone solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) for 5 min to remove any organic material that was not water soluble [6,11]. The samples were then washed again with Milli-Q water and dried using sterile tissue at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mercury-based gold extraction has resulted in increased levels of various forms of natural mercury (Hg), such as elemental, organic, and inorganic Hg. As a persistent contaminant, Hg is transported easily and biomagnifies through the food web without noticeable biological function [9], causing mortality, reproductive failure, and other health effects in animals [10,11]. Methylmercury tends to accumulate and biomagnify in the bodies of herbivores at the second trophic level of the terrestrial food chain [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Contamination of Cattle in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The industrial mining sector is one of the main contributors to environmental damage and toxic metal pollution, although some contamination originates from natural geological sources. Due to their position at the top of the food chain, cattle tend to bioaccumulate mercury (Hg) in their bodies. We used analyses of cattle hair samples to investigate Hg contamination in cattle farmed within and outside of an artisanal and small-scale gold-mining area in Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. We also examined the factors that might have influenced the toxicity, such as the environmental conditions, sex, and age of the cattle. A total of 63 hair samples were analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission spectrometry. The mean Hg concentration was significantly higher in hair from cattle farmed within the artisanal and small-scale gold mining area (11.44 µg/g hair) than in those farmed outside the area (2.89 µg/g hair, p < 0.05). A possible cause of this is contamination by mercury persistent in terrestrial food chain. The results indicates that the level of toxic metals such as Hg need to be controlled in food sources to protect human health, especially in Bombana, Indonesia.

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“…Also, harmful effects of mercury, especially through restorative amalgam on the health of children at different age levels, and pregnant and lactating mothers in particular have been seriously taken into consideration and warned by scholars [11][12][13]. Generally, it is not extolled if we say that exposure to mercury should be considered a silent threat to life and the environment [14]. However, what has attracted the attention of scholars concerning the applications of amalgams is the toxicity, caused by the release of mercury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Assessment of Mercury Released from Dental Amalgams after Exposure to Wi-Fi and X-Ray Radiation in Artificial Saliva

Hosseini¹,

Mehdizadeh²,

Sanipour³

et al. 2018

Eurasian J Anal Chem

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Mercury is a well-known toxic element that is found in various forms in nature. Recently, dental amalgams have been recognized as a new source of mercury. This study was carried out under in vitro condition; the amount of mercury released from teeth restored with amalgams in the presence of Wi-Fi router radiation (non-ionizing radiation) and X-ray (ionizing radiation) using a protocol similar to Computed Tomography of Para-nasal Sinuses (CT) were analyzed separately, and in combination on the samples. For this reason, 50 human premolars were restored with a certain type of commercial amalgams. The samples were divided into five groups; control, only-CT, CT+Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi+CT and only-Wi-Fi groups, and mercury measurement were investigated at 24 and 48 hours after exposure to radiation by cold-vapor atomic absorption system. The results showed a significant difference between subgroups 24 and 48 h (p-values = 0.001 and 0.008). However, over time a significant difference was only found in CT+Wi-Fi group (p-value = 0.043). In addition, in comparison with the control group, only the subgroup that was exposed to Wi-Fi waves showed a significant difference after 24 hours (p = 0.033). In line with some of the previous studies, our findings showed that electromagnetic waves are involved in mercury release process, and warnings about the consequences of electromagnetic waves on mercury release and subtitling it with a new compound in restorative dentistry should be taken into consideration.

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A review on the distribution of Hg in the environment and its human health impacts

Cited by 412 publications

References 86 publications

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

Mercury Contamination of Cattle in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

The Assessment of Mercury Released from Dental Amalgams after Exposure to Wi-Fi and X-Ray Radiation in Artificial Saliva

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