A review on the effect of macrocyclic lactones on dung-dwelling insects: Toxicity of macrocyclic lactones to dung beetles

Jacobs, Carmen Tina; Scholtz, Clarke H.

doi:10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.858

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Although these studies are relatively numerous, there are limited comparative studies 13 and/or studies using standardised toxicity thresholds 14 . Available evidence indicates that dung inhabiting organisms would have different sensitivity to these two VMP products, despite their similar modes of action 13 , 15 . For example, in dung flies (Muscidae, Scathophagidae and Sepsidae) mortality thresholds (LC 50 ) were approximately ten times higher for MOX than for IVM; therefore, MOX is less toxic than IVM in absolute terms 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences

Verdú

Cortez

Martı́nez-Pinna

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Among macrocyclic lactones (ML), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) potentially affect all Ecdysozoan species, with dung beetles being particularly sensitive. The comparative effects of IVM and MOX on adult dung beetles were assessed for the first time to determine both the physiological sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences. Inhibition of antennal response and ataxia were tested as two intuitive and ecologically relevant parameters by obtaining the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values and interpolating other relevant toxicity thresholds derived from concentration-response curves (IC50, as the concentration of each ML where the antennal response is inhibited by half; and pLC50, as the quantity of ingested ML where partial paralysis was observed by half of treated individuals) from concentration-response curves. Both sub-lethal and pre-lethal symptoms obtained in this study coincided in that IVM was six times more toxic than MOX for adult dung beetles. Values of LOEC, IC50 and pLC50 obtained for IVM and MOX evaluated in an environmental context indicate that MOX, despite needing more time for tis elimination in the faeces, would be twice as harmful to dung beetles as IVM. This approach will be valuable to clarify the real impact of MLs on dung beetle health and to avoid the subsequent environmental consequences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences

Verdú

Cortez

Martı́nez-Pinna

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…The negative effect of VMP substances was relevant to all community parameters measured, such as alpha diversity, biomass, abundance, presence of indicator species and beta diversity. It has been documented that VMP-use shows a variety of lethal and sub-lethal effects on non-target fauna depending on the molecule, doses, mode of administration, environmental factors and insect species in question (Lumaret & Errouissi, 2002; Lumaret et al, 2012; Wall & Beynon, 2012; Jacobs & Scholtz, 2015). Many essays show that VMPs negatively affect larval and adult survival of dung beetles, as well as some physiological processes such as reproductive, sensorial and locomotor capacities showing even negative repercussions in the dung decomposition (Wall & Strong, 1987; Lumaret et al, 1993; Wardhaugh, Longstaff & Morton, 2001; Verdú et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have focused on the effects on dung beetles of grazing abandonment (Jay-Robert et al, 2008; Verdú, Crespo & Galante, 2000; Carpaneto, Mazziotta & Piattella, 2005), overgrazing (Negro, Rolando & Palestrini, 2011) and VMP use (for a review see: Beynon, 2012; Lumaret & Errouissi, 2002; Wall & Beynon, 2012; Jacobs & Scholtz, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grazing intensity and the use of veterinary medical products on dung beetle biodiversity in the sub-mountainous landscape of Central Italy

Tonelli

Verdú

Zunino

2017

PeerJ

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Grazing extensification and intensification are among the main problems affecting European grasslands. We analyze the impact of grazing intensity (low and moderate) and the use of veterinary medical products (VMPs) on the dung beetle community in the province of Pesaro-Urbino (Italy). Grazing intensity is a key factor in explaining the diversity of dung beetles. In the case of the alpha diversity component, sites with a low level of grazing activity—related in a previous step to the subsequent abandonment of traditional farming—is characterized by a loss of species richness (q = 0) and a reduction in alpha diversity at the levels q = 1 and q = 2. In the case of beta diversity, sites with a different grazing intensity show remarkable differences in terms of the composition of their species assemblages. The use of VMPs is another important factor in explaining changes in dung beetle diversity. In sites with a traditional use of VMPs, a significant loss of species richness and biomass is observed, as is a notable effect on beta diversity. In addition, the absence of indicator species in sites with a historical use of VMPs corroborates the hypothesis that these substances have a ubiquitous effect on dung beetles. However, the interaction between grazing activity and VMPs when it comes to explaining changes in dung beetle diversity is less significant (or is not significant) than the main effects (each factor separately) for alpha diversity, biomass and species composition. This may be explained if we consider that both factors affect the various species differently. In other words, the reduction in dung availability affects several larger species more than it does very small species, although this does not imply that the former are more susceptible to injury caused by the ingestion of dung contaminated with VMPs. Finally, in order to prevent negative consequences for dung beetle diversity, we propose the maintenance of a moderate grazing intensity and the rational use of VMPs. It is our view that organic management can prevent excessive extensification while providing an economic stimulus to the sector. Simultaneously, it can also prevent the abuse of VMPs.

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“…Manuscript to be reviewed 2002; Lumaret et al, 2012;Wall and Beynon, 2012;Jacobs and Scholtz, 2015). Many essays show that VMPs negatively affect larval and adult survival of dung beetles, as well as some physiological processes such as reproductive, sensorial and locomotor capacities showing even negative repercussions in the dung decomposition (Wall and Strong, 1987;Lumaret et al, 1993;Wardhaugh et al, 2001;Verdú et al, 2015).…”

Section: Vmps Use Effects On Dung Beetle Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Effects of grazing intensity and the use of veterinary medical products on dung beetle biodiversity in the sub-mountainous landscape of Central Italy (v0.1)"

Braga¹

2017

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Grazing extensification and intensification are among the main problems affecting European grasslands. We analyze the impact of grazing intensity (low and moderate) and the use of veterinary medical products (VMPs) on the dung beetle community in the province of Pesaro-Urbino (Italy). Grazing intensity is a key factor in explaining the diversity of dung beetles. In the case of the alpha diversity component, sites with a low level of grazing activity-related in a previous step to the subsequent abandonment of traditional farming-is characterized by a loss of species richness (q = 0) and a reduction in alpha diversity at the levels q = 1 and q = 2. In the case of beta diversity, sites with a different grazing intensity show remarkable differences in terms of the composition of their species assemblages. The use of VMPs is another important factor in explaining changes in dung beetle diversity. In sites with a traditional use of VMPs, a significant loss of species richness and biomass is observed, as is a notable effect on beta diversity. In addition, the absence of indicator species in sites with a historical use of VMPs corroborates the hypothesis that these substances have a ubiquitous effect on dung beetles. However, the interaction between grazing activity and VMPs when it comes to explaining changes in dung beetle diversity is less significant (or is not significant) than the main effects (each factor separately) for alpha diversity, biomass and species composition. This may be explained if we consider that both factors affect the various species differently. In other words, the reduction in dung availability affects several larger species more than it does very small species, although this does not imply that the former are more susceptible to injury caused by the ingestion of dung contaminated with VMPs. Finally, in order to prevent negative consequences for dung beetle diversity, we propose the maintenance of a moderate grazing intensity and the rational use of VMPs. It is our view that organic management can prevent excessive extensification while providing an economic stimulus

show abstract

A review on the effect of macrocyclic lactones on dung-dwelling insects: Toxicity of macrocyclic lactones to dung beetles

Cited by 41 publications

References 51 publications

First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences

First assessment of the comparative toxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in adult dung beetles: Sub-lethal symptoms and pre-lethal consequences

Effects of grazing intensity and the use of veterinary medical products on dung beetle biodiversity in the sub-mountainous landscape of Central Italy

Peer Review #2 of "Effects of grazing intensity and the use of veterinary medical products on dung beetle biodiversity in the sub-mountainous landscape of Central Italy (v0.1)"

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