A review on the electric vehicle routing problems: Variants and algorithms

Abstract

Over the past decade, electric vehicles (EVs) have been considered in a growing number of models and methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs). This study presents a comprehensive survey of EV routing problems and their many variants. We only consider the problems in which each vehicle may visit multiple vertices and be recharged during the trip. The related literature can be roughly divided into nine classes: Electric traveling salesman problem, green VRP, electric VRP, mixed electric VRP, electric location routing problem, hybrid electric VRP, electric dial-a-ride problem, electric two-echelon VRP, and electric pickup and delivery problem. For each of these nine classes, we focus on reviewing the settings of problem variants and the algorithms used to obtain their solutions.

Dynamic cyclic kitting part-feeding scheduling for mixed-model assembly line by a hybrid quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization

“…Thus, to promote green and JIT manufacturing, energy-efficient vehicles should be applied for the materials and products transportation. Therefore, consequent to the far greater carbon emission of industrial logistic vehicles compared with the ones used for daily commute (Shao et al, 2018), abundant research studies are focusing on the application of EVs, due to their non-GHG emission advantage (Qin et al, 2021). On this account, there have been a fair number of scholars making efforts to conduct research into the routing problem of EVs in the past few years.…”

“…For instance, the EVs’ delivery routing and energy management (Diaz-Cachinero et al , 2021), the requirements of EV recharging operations (Zhang et al , 2018), energy-saving routes of EVs (Shao et al , 2018), etc. A substantial number of models and methods have been applied into this research field for the past decade, as EVs hold prominent future and practical significance over fuel-powered vehicles, and meet the governments’ regulations to reduce GHG emissions (Qin et al , 2021).…”

“…As such MMAL part-feeding problem was deemed as NP-hard (Boysen and Emde, 2014). Researchers have recently applied meta-heuristics, intelligent and evolutionary algorithms to confront with such computational complexity, which include the memetic ant colony optimization (Fathi et al , 2014), the multi-objective GA (Qin et al , 2021), etc. Among the algorithms developed for part-feeding problems, PSO seems to be widely adopted.…”

“…However, due to apparently degenerating environmental condition and global warming for the past several decades, manufacturers are not only confronted with massive product diversities but also obliged to promote green production (Zhou and Tan, 2018). Therefore, to avoid the massive carbon emission generated by industrial logistic vehicles (Shao et al , 2018), companies are resorting to the application of electric vehicles (EVs), which are becoming essential to many factories (Moshayedi et al , 2022a, 2022b, 2022c) due to their advantage in the absence of green-house gas (GHG) emission (Qin et al , 2021). Nevertheless, among the literatures studying EVs, very few research studies focus on bringing EVs to the part-feeding process (Zhou and Tan, 2018; Emde et al , 2018; Zhou et al , 2021).…”

Optimization of electric vehicle distribution path considering profit distribution under the sharing economy

“…The development of shared cars has been closely watched by people and is regarded as one of the important trends in the future development of the automotive industry. The research on Electric Vehicles Location and Routing Problem (ELRP) is carried out on the basis of traditional LRP [2]. Existing LRP research is more focused on traditional fuel vehicles, while ELRP research is generally less [3].…”