A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation

doi:10.4172/2167-0412.1000196

Cited by 406 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Plant metabolites are extracted by using various ways, such as maceration, decoction, soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction method. As maceration technique is a simple and the easiest method, it is widely used at the preliminary research level [11]. The efficiency of extraction depends on several factors, including the nature of phytochemical constituents, the method of extraction, particle size of the sample, extraction time, temperature, pH, solute to solvent ratio, and the solvent polarity [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC‐MS Based Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Different Solvent Extracts of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus Leaves

Swamy

Arumugam

Kaur

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

127

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This study evaluates the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves extracted in different solvents. The methanol extract contained the highest total phenolic (94.37 ± 1.24 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (26.90 ± 1.35 mg RE/g) and exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (90.13 ± 3.32%) followed by the acetone extract (80.23 ± 3.26%) at 500 μg/mL concentration. Similarly, the highest ferric ion reduction potential (849.63 ± 30.95 μM of Fe (II)/g dry weight) was exhibited by the methanol extract followed by the acetone extract (695.92 ± 25.44 μM of Fe (II)/g dry weight). The methanol extract showed greater antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens (Bacillus subtilis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans). However, both hexane and acetone extracts failed to inhibit E. coli. S. aureus and C. albicans were more susceptible to all the extracts. Further, GC-MS analysis confirmed the occurrence of a total 46 phytocompounds in different solvent extracts. Some of the major compounds included carvacrol (37.7%), tetracontane (16.6%), squalene (15.6%), tetrapentacontane (13.7%), and Phytol (12.9%). In conclusion, extraction solvents influenced the recovery of phytocompounds and the highest pharmacological activities of the methanol extract could be correlated to the presence of additional bioactive compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC‐MS Based Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Different Solvent Extracts of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus Leaves

Swamy

Arumugam

Kaur

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

127

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“…Quality and quantity of the extracts dependent of the target compound structures, natural sources, and type of processes (Karacabey et al, 2013), explaining the different phenolic composition in the extracts obtained with different procedures. The most commonly plant extract have been obtained by conventional solvent extraction methods (infusion, decoction, digestion, maceration, and percolation) (Azwanida, 2015) using solvents such as water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, dimethyl-sulfoxide etc. However, these techniques are demanding regarding the extraction process duration, organic solvent consumption, and lack of extraction automation.…”

Section: Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Extracts Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review

Sabo

Knežević

2019

Industrial Crops and Products

168

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A B S T R A C TEucalyptus has become one of the world's most widely planted genera and E. camaldulensis (The River Red Gum) is a plantation species in many parts of the world. The plant traditional medical application indicates great antimicrobial properties, so E. camaldulensis essential oils and plant extracts have been widely examined. Essential oil of E. camaldulensis is active against many Gram positive (0.07-1.1%) and Gram negative bacteria (0.01-3.2%). The antibacterial effect is confirmed for bark and leaf extracts (conc. from 0.08 μg/mL to 200 mg/ mL), with significant variations depending on extraction procedure. Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil and extracts are among the most active against bacteria when compared with those from other species of genus Eucalyptus. The most fungal model organisms are sensitive to 0.125-1.0% of E. camaldulensis essential oil. The extracts are active against C. albicans (0.2-200 mg/mL leaf extracts and 0.5 mg/mL bark extracts), and against various dermatophytes. Of particular importance is considerable the extracts' antiviral activity against animal and human viruses (0.1-50 μg/mL). Although the antiprotozoal activity of E. camaldulensis essential oil and extracts is in the order of magnitude of concentration several hundred mg/mL, it is considerable when taking into account current therapy cost, toxicity, and protozoal growing resistance. Some studies show that essential oils' and extracts' antimicrobial activity can be further potentiated in combinations with antibiotics (beta-lactams, fluorochinolones, aminoglycosides, polymyxins), antivirals (acyclovir), and extracts of other plants (e.g. Annona senegalensis; Psidium guajava). The present data confirm the river red gum considerable antimicrobial properties, which should be further examined with particular attention to the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity.limited number of antiprotozoal and antiviral agents (El-Taweel, 2015;Irwin et al., 2016). This highlights the necessity for examination of new antimicrobial agents and treatment strategies of infections caused by the mentioned microorganisms.The plant kingdom represents the source of various medicines. Indeed, since ancient times medicinal plants play an important role of health care population and could represent a significant source of new antimicrobial drugs for combating pan-and multi-drug resistant microorganisms. These new antimicrobial agents could be hidden in medicinal plant extracts and essential oils. One of the significant medicinal plants is Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Thus, this review represents the summary of previous researches data, regarding chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and other significant effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis.

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“…The electric field makes the molecules of the sample to vibrate or oscillate due to dipole moment and ionic induction which results in the fast heating of sample. 30 Prolonged heating in this field may result in the electromagnetic disruption of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds causing an alteration in the structure and activity of bioactive molecules. The structural changes in the antioxidant phytochemicals such as conjugated polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins and some vitamins may influence the antioxidant potential of these compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Oven Heated and Microwave Treated Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Nawaz

Shad

Aziz

et al. 2018

FRA

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Objective:The study was designed to investigate the effect of heating in the simple oven and microwave treatment on phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.), a popular food ingredient of medicinal importance. Methods: Dried ginger was ground to fine powder and subjected to heating in the simple oven and microwave oven in an increasing order of heating time (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min). The heat-treated samples were extracted in methanol and analyzed for their phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential. Results: A time-dependent significant (p<0.05) negative effect of both treatment methods was observed on total phenolic acids (TPA), total tannins content (TTC), total flavonoids content (TFC), total antioxidant activity (TAOA), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH RSC) and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (HRSC). Both treatments methods showed the significant positive effect on β-carotene bleaching capacity (BCBC), reducing power (RP) and iron chelating activity (ICA). TPA and TAOA of oven heated, TTC and RP of microwave-treated and TFC, BCBC, and HRSC of ginger varied exponentially while TTC and RP of the oven heated, TPA and TAOA of microwave-treated and ICA and DPPH RSC showed linear variation in response to treatment time. Conclusion: Both heating methods have a significant time-dependent effect on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of ginger. This study provides useful information to the manufacturers and consumers regarding the potential benefits of ginger and effect of various heat treatments methods on its medicinal value.Key words: Antioxidant activity, β-carotene bleaching assay, Free radical scavenging capacity, Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Microwave treatment. Key message:Ginger is a popular ingredient used in the preparation of numerous foods and has a valuable part in pharmaceutical formulations. The heating treatments during the cooking and pharmaceutical processing were hypothesized to affect the nutritional and medicinal value of ginger. The hypothesis was proved to be true and the study has shown that the heating methods have a significant time-dependent effect on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of ginger. The study would be helpful to the manufacturers and consumers in selection of suitable heating methods for ginger-based food recipes and pharmaceutical processing to avoid the loss of its biological potential.

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A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation

Abstract: ground to 400 µm (0.4 mm) in size. Conventional mortar and pestle or electric blenders and mills are commonly used to reduce particle size of sample. Investigation of nanoparticles powder of Centella

Cited by 406 publications

References 29 publications

GC‐MS Based Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Different Solvent Extracts of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus Leaves

GC‐MS Based Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Different Solvent Extracts of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus Leaves

Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Oven Heated and Microwave Treated Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

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