A Review on the Long-Term Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Degradation Modeling to the Effects of Bipolar Plates, Sealings, and Contaminants

Pourrahmani, Hossein; Siavashi, Majid; Yavarinasab, Adel; Matian, Mardit; Chitgar, Nazanin; Wang, Ligang; herle, Jan Van

doi:10.3390/en15145081

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…A dynamic compression test was carried out to observe the plastic strain, cyclic loading, and relaxation in long-term durability since fuel cells frequently are assembled and dismantled throughout their lifespan. Under this circumstance, there can be fatigue failures of active components such as membranes, electrodes, gas diffusion layer, and BPs [ 66 ]. Figure 8 illustrates hysteresis loops gained from 1000 loading and unloading with compressive force.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation for Ultra-Lightweight Epoxy-Based Bipolar Plate Production with Cycle Time Reduction of Reactive Molding Process

et al. 2022

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The commercial viability of fuel cells for vehicle application has been examined in the context of lightweight material options, as well as in combination with improvements in fuel cell powertrain. Investigation into ultra-lightweight bipolar plates (BPs), the main component in terms of the weight effect, is of great importance to enhance energy efficiency. This research aims to fabricate a layered carbon fiber/epoxy composite structure for BPs. Two types of carbon fillers (COOH-MWCNT and COOH-GNP) reinforced with woven carbon fiber sheets (WCFS) have been utilized. The conceptual idea is to reduce molding cycle time by improving the structural, electrical, and mechanical properties of BPs. Reducing the reactive molding cycle time is required for commercial production possibility. The desired crosslink density of 97%, observed at reactive molding time, was reduced by 83% at 140 °C processing temperature. The as-fabricated BPs demonstrate excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength that achieved the DOE standard. Under actual fuel cell operation, the as-fabricated BPs show superior performance to commercial furan-based composite BPs in terms of the cell potential and maximum power. This research demonstrates the practical and straightforward way to produce high-performance and reliable BPs with a rapid production rate for actual PEMFC utilization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation for Ultra-Lightweight Epoxy-Based Bipolar Plate Production with Cycle Time Reduction of Reactive Molding Process

et al. 2022

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“…Usually, the cooling plates are made of either graphite or metallic materials. The most commonly used metallic materials are stainless steel, aluminum, titanium and its alloys [5]- [8]. The flow channels are machined when graphite is used as cooling plate.…”

Section: Figure 1 Pem Fuel Cell Components and Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Thermal Analysis of Divergent and Convergent Flow Channels for Cooling Plates in PEM Fuel Cells

Acar¹

2023

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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During the operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells excess heat is generated as a result of electrochemical reactions. This heat raises the temperature of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, which can damage the membrane. Homogeneity of the temperature through the fuel cell is important in terms of stability and performance. Thermal management is therefore essential and is provided by the cooling channels formed on the bipolar plates or cooling plates. In this paper, a three-dimensional computational analysis of the cooling plate with divergent and convergent flow field designs is carried out. In this context, heat transfer and fluid flow performances of these two different flow fields are considered in terms of temperature uniformity, maximum temperature and pressure drop. Numerical results demonstrated that the more uniform temperature distribution along the fuel cell could be achieved with divergent flow field design. Furthermore, when a divergent design is used, the maximum surface temperature of the cooling plate and the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the channel are reduced.

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“…It was discovered that the hydrophobicity of the GDL and MPL impedes the cation solution from reaching the catalyst-coated membrane (CCM). In 2022, Pourrahmani et al 17 conducted an experimental analysis of the mechanism of contamination and the degree of toxicity of ions. They demonstrated that the presence of foreign cations can contaminate the PEM and cause degradation of membrane electrode performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Marine Salt Spray Environment

Wen,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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In the maritime setting, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are subjected to salt spray, posing a risk of contaminating internal components and leading to irreversible degradation in the performance of the PEMFCs. Thus, it is crucial to assess the impact of sodium chloride contamination on PEMFC operation. To address challenges related to prolonged cycle times, high costs, and intricate sample preparation in sodium chloride contamination experiments for PEMFCs, this Article replicates the marine atmospheric conditions using a standard salt spray experimental chamber. The liquid nitrogen fracture method is employed for cost-effective and efficient preparation of experimental samples. The meteorological environment with varying salt content in the salt spray is achieved through precise control of sodium chloride concentration. The Article systematically presents the salt spray experimental method for the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of PEMFCs. A dedicated salt spray experimental rig was constructed to validate this method for the MEA of PEMFCs. The results indicate that the salt spray experimental method for the MEA of PEMFCs can effectively explore internal component contamination and is well-suited for analyzing the physicochemical effects of NaCl on MEA components, along with their microscopic characterization under salt spray conditions.

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A Review on the Long-Term Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Degradation Modeling to the Effects of Bipolar Plates, Sealings, and Contaminants

Cited by 29 publications

References 112 publications

Performance Evaluation for Ultra-Lightweight Epoxy-Based Bipolar Plate Production with Cycle Time Reduction of Reactive Molding Process

Performance Evaluation for Ultra-Lightweight Epoxy-Based Bipolar Plate Production with Cycle Time Reduction of Reactive Molding Process

Computational Thermal Analysis of Divergent and Convergent Flow Channels for Cooling Plates in PEM Fuel Cells

Experimental Investigation for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Marine Salt Spray Environment

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