A Review on the Main Phytoconstituents, Traditional Uses, Inventions, and Patent Literature of Gum Arabic Emphasizing Acacia seyal

Abstract

Acacia seyal is an important source of gum Arabic. The availability, traditional, medicinal, pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic applications of gum acacia have pronounced its high economic value and attracted global attention. In addition to summarizing the inventions/patents applications related to gum A. seyal, the present review highlights recent updates regarding its phytoconstituents. Traditional, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and medicinal uses with the possible mechanism of actions have been also reviewed. The patent search revealed the identification of 30 patents/patent applications of A. seyal. The first patent related to A. seyal was published in 1892, which was related to its use in the prophylaxis/treatment of kidney and bladder affections. The use of A. seyal to treat cancer and osteoporosis has also been patented. Some inventions provided compositions and formulations containing A. seyal or its ingredients for pharmaceutical and medical applications. The inventions related to agricultural applications, food industry, cosmetics, quality control of gum Arabic, and isolation of some chemical constituents (L-rhamnose and arabinose) from A. seyal have also been summarized. The identification of only 30 patents/patent applications from 1892 to 15 November 2021 indicates a steadily growing interest and encourages developing more inventions related to A. seyal. The authors recommend exploring these opportunities for the benefit of society.

Biodegradable Gel Electrolyte Suppressing Water-Induced Issues for Long-Life Zinc Metal Anodes

“…As a complex polysaccharide, GA is composed of arabinose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, and galactose with a chain consisting of 1, 3 linked β- d -galactopyranosyl units and 1,6-linked β- d -galactopyranosyl side chains (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information) . Moreover, the chemical structures of the main monosaccharide residues in GA are exhibited in detail in Figure S2 . Rich hydrophilic functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups, enable the formation of hydrogen-bond with water.…”

“…37 Moreover, the chemical structures of the main monosaccharide residues in GA are exhibited in detail in Figure S2. 38 Rich hydrophilic functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups, enable the formation of hydrogen-bond with water. As depicted in Figure S3, the commercial GA powder can form uniform GAE with ZnSO 4 and Li 2 SO 4 aqueous solution.…”

Immunological, biochemical and pathological effects of vitamin C and Arabic gum co-administration on H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccinated and challenged laying Japanese quails

“…The AG contains flavonoids, phenols, coumarin, tannins, polysaccharides and many pharmaceutical and important compounds for improving immunity and health state. It works as an antioxidant, immunomodulator, and cytoprotector [40].…”

Lo controversial de los cambios nomenclaturales: tres casos de estudio en plantas

“…De Acacia senegal (Lam.) Willd, por ejemplo, se obtiene la goma arábiga (Ashour et al, 2022). Algunas de sus especies son esenciales para las abejas polinizadoras y se utilizan en esfuerzos para revertir la desertificación (Hussain y Al Joalud, 2011).…”