A Review on The Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties Barringtonia Asiatica

Abstract

Barringtonia asiatica is a species of Barringtonia native to mangrove habitats on the tropical, it is a common plant in the Malaysian Mangroves and wetlands such as the Kuching wetlands Sarawak and Bako National Park, it is also found in tropical Africa, Nigeria and Madagascar. Its large pinkish-white, pompon flowers give off a sickly-sweet smell to attract bats and moths which pollinate the flowers at night. It is grown along streets for decorative and shade purposes among Sarawakian houses in Malaysia and it's also known as Box Fruit due to the distinct box-shaped of the fruit, it is a medium-sized tree growing to 7-25m tall [1]. The leaves are narrow obovate, 20-40cm in length and 10-20cm in width matured foliage colour is green, smooth glossy shiny leathery thick simple and evergreen. It is used as sausage food among the native of sarawakian in the kampong as well as a medicinal plant, inhabitants of several West African countries, Nigeria and the Polynesian Islands use liquid from the crushed bark of Barringtonia asiatica to treat stomach-aches, the top leaves from this tree are squeezed into water and the liquid taken orally. The stem bark of the plant is pinkish grey [2]. The plant when mature the bark texture is smooth and woody. The root type is fibrous and has pronounced tap root.The Fruit, due to its distinct square like diagonals jutting out from the cross section, it gives a semi spherical shape form from stem altering to a sub pyramidal shape at its base. The fruit measures 9-11cm in diameter, where a thick spongy fibrous layer covers up to 4-5cm diameter. The fruit is dispersed in the same way as a coconut by ocean current and is extremely water-resistant and buoyant [3].It can survive afloat for up to fifteen years [1]. When washed ashore and soaked by rainwater then the seeds germinate.All parts of the tree are Poisonous, and the active poisons include saponins. The box fruits are potent enough to be used as a fish poison. This Angiosperm of a flowering seed plant has a perennial life span with an autotrophic mode of nutrition, the seeds have been used when ground to a powder form to stun or kill fish for easy capture, it suffocates the fish living no effect on the flesh [4]. The active components may be found in the root, bark, stem, and leaves of the identified plant [2]. The seeds of Barringtonia asiatica are used in the Pacific Islands by scraping the seeds on lavarocks by shallow tidal pools and washing the scrapings into the water. This method and the methods described above result in dead or stunned fish rising to the surface in a short time where they are

Unveiling coastal diversity: An inventory and conservation report of beach forest flora of Surigao del Sur, Philippines

“…Furthermore, various plant species in this family have been found to possess a diverse range of bioactivities (anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antileishmanial, antibacterial, and antifungal effects), attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds (de França Ferreira et al 2021). Barringtonia asiatica is commonly used worldwide for the treatment of liver disorders, diarrheal diseases, eye diseases, antifungal and antibacterial conditions, chest pains, and heart problems (Umaru et al 2018).…”

Uji Bioinsektisida Formulasi Granula dari Ekstrak Daun Keben (Barringtonia asiatica) terhadap Mortalitas Larva spodoptera litura F. dan Kerusakan Daun Pakcoy

“…Adanya kandungan senyawa aktif dari ekstrak daun keben menyebabkan adanya pengaruh toksisitas terhadap larva S. litura. Daun keben mengandung senyawa aktif flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin yang memiliki sifat toksik terhadap hama tanaman [9], [30][31]. Senyawasenyawa tersebut akan menyebabkan kematian terhadap larva melalui racun kontak, racun perut, racun saraf, maupun racun pernapasan [32].…”

Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Biji (KEBEN) Barringtonia asiatica L. Kurz pada Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

“…yang dihancurkan untuk mengobati sakit dada dan jantung. Tanaman tersebut di Papua Nugini digunakan untuk mengobati sakit perut [8,9].…”