A Review on the Planning Problem for the Installation of Offshore Wind Farms

Rippel, Daniel; Jathe, Nicolas; Becker, Matthias; Lütjen, Michael; Szczerbicka, Helena; Freitag, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.384

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In 2017, Ait Alla et al proposed a multi-agent-based simulation model to compare the conventional installation concept with feeder concepts considering different factors like the number of wind turbines and the distance of the wind park from shore. In 2019, Rippel et al provide an extensive overview of research efforts into simulating the installation of offshore wind parks [22]. More details about the current state of offshore wind turbine installations can be found in Jiang's technical review [13].…”

Section: Previous Research Regarding Offshore Wind Park Installationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Impact of Weather-Related Limitations on the Installation of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers

et al. 2021

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Weather conditions have a significant impact on the installation of offshore wind turbines. The rules for installation set clear limits. These limits are usually based on estimations of various experts and not on real assumptions and measurements on-site. When wind speeds and wave heights are too high, work cannot be carried out, and this leads to delays and additional costs. Therefore, we have carried out a measurement campaign during the installation of rotor blades to investigate to which extent the limits can be adjusted by using a tuned mass damper. The results from the measurement campaign—specifically empirically derived significant wave height limits—are used in a discrete event simulation. This study simulates delays resulting from weather conditions. Based on this, the total installation costs are considered. The results of the measurement campaign show that a safe installation with the use of a damper is possible at wave heights of up to 1.6 m. With the discrete event simulation, it is possible to prove that 17.9% can be saved for the costs of the installation vessel. In addition, the wind farm could be erected 32 days faster. Thus, it can be stated that the use of a tuned mass damper simplifies the installation from a technical point of view and is economical.

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Section: Previous Research Regarding Offshore Wind Park Installationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Impact of Weather-Related Limitations on the Installation of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers

et al. 2021

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“…The limits and durations in Table 1 closely follow the information provided in [9] and [15] to represent realistic assumptions. Within the literature, other, usually softer bounds, can be found too (compare [5] for a review of the overall planning problem). As a consequence of the weather dependency, an accurate mid-to long-term planning can only rely on weather forecasts.…”

Section: Installation Process For Offshore Wind Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In current literature, only a few works deal explicitly with the installation planning of offshore wind farms [5,12]. In general, these approaches can be classified in either simulation-based approaches, used to evaluate given configurations, or in optimization-based approaches, aiming to generate optimized plans for certain aspects of the overall planning problem.…”

Section: Planning Approaches For the Installation Of Offshore Wind Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, from the process description, it can be argued that the three stages of the installation process, i.e., foundations, turbines, and commissioning, can be considered to be individual, sequentially performed tasks. Therefore, crew management primarily becomes an issue for the commissioning stage of the installation process [5]. As a result, this article considers the operative installation planning of offshore wind farms in terms of a Flexible JSSP.…”

Section: General Classes Of Scheduling Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While offshore wind farms provide a steadier stream of energy at higher rates compared to onshore wind farms, their construction poses particular challenges due to their increased weight and dimensions. Also, the installation process requires highly specialized, expensive vessels, and resources [4,5]. In general, logistics costs during the installation can amount to about 15% to 20% of the costs for offshore wind farms [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Loading Bay Restrictions for the Installation of Offshore Wind Farms Using a Combination of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming and Model Predictive Control

et al. 2019

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Featured Application: This article demonstrates a combination of Mixed-Integer LinearProgramming with methods usually applied for short-term control, namely the Model Predictive Control scheme, to achieve decision support for the scheduling of installation activities for offshore wind farms. The general approach applies to several areas of application, where time-dependent uncertainties complicate mid-to long-term planning.Abstract: The installation of offshore wind farms poses particular challenges due to expensive resources and quickly changing weather conditions. Model-based decision-support systems are required to achieve an efficient installation. In the literature, there exist several models for scheduling offshore operations, which focus on vessels but neglect the influence of resource restrictions at the base port and uncertainties involved with weather predictions. This article proposes a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model for the scheduling of installation activities, which handles several installation vessels as well as restrictions about available cargo bridges at the port. Additionally, the article explains how this model can be combined with a Model Predictive Control scheme to provide decision support for the scheduling of offshore installation operations. The article presents numerical studies of the effects induced by resource restrictions and of different parametrizations for this approach. Results show that even small planning windows, paired with comparably low computational times, achieve reasonably good results. Moreover, the results show that an increase in vessels comes at diminishing returns concerning the installation efficiency. Therefore, the results indicate that available good-weather windows primarily limit efficiency.

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Maintenance cost minimization models for offshore wind farms: A systematic and critical review

Tusar

Sarker

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Feasible and sustainable source of power is a burning question nowadays. The offshore wind farms can be a solution to power generation problem, but it is relatively more expensive. Its installation cost is more than twice of its similar size onshore counterpart. The cost that matters most is the operations and maintenance (O&M) cost. Expensive and sophisticated transfer vehicles as well as highly skilled technicians are needed to conduct O&M activities, which results in a remarkably higher O&M cost for an offshore wind farm project.Few researchers proposed some strategies that could resolve the problem nicely, although there is no universal maintenance strategy, which will fit all the conditions. Optimal maintenance strategy depends on a lot of factors such as cost of energy, level of reliability needed, weather conditions, availability of skilled technicians, availability of crew transfer vehicles, and to mention a few.Total 190 research articles related to offshore maintenance have been reviewed, and some prominent models have been discussed in detail. Some risk and reliability-based models reduced annual maintenance cost by 23%, whereas some other opportunistic maintenance strategy was able to minimize 32% of production loss and transportation cost. Compatibility and usability of different models and results are highlighted. This critical review is aimed at identifying the relevant research outcomes and comparing their critical aspects to provide a good guideline about optimal maintenance strategy to the maintenance managers.

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A Review on the Planning Problem for the Installation of Offshore Wind Farms

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of the Impact of Weather-Related Limitations on the Installation of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers

Evaluation of the Impact of Weather-Related Limitations on the Installation of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers

Evaluation of Loading Bay Restrictions for the Installation of Offshore Wind Farms Using a Combination of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming and Model Predictive Control

Maintenance cost minimization models for offshore wind farms: A systematic and critical review

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