A review on the preparation of chitosan oligosaccharides and application to human health, animal husbandry and agricultural production

Yuan, Xubing; Zheng, Junping; Jiao, Siming; Chen, Gong; Feng, Chao; Du, Yuguang; Liu, Hongtao

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.050

Cited by 143 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Based on our obtained results, it is clear that COS had marked inhibitory effects on Aβ42 fibrillation and disaggregation effect on preformed Aβ42 fibrils by interfering conformational changes of Aβ42 aggregates in a dose-dependent manner ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). In general, it is important to mention that COS monomers with different DPs might show different biological activities according to the previous studies [ 17 ]. However, the effects of COS monomers with different DPs on Aβ42 aggregation was unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, more attention has been paid to small chemical compounds that are derived from natural products because of their high permeability through the BBB, ease of accessibility, and low cytotoxicity [ 15 , 16 ]. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), linked by β-(1-4) bonds through d -glucosamine and N -acetyl- d -glucosamine, are mixtures of oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) of <20 and an average molecular weight (MW) of <3.9 kDa, which are produced enzymatically or chemically from chitosan [ 17 ]. Due to their higher water solubility, low cytotoxicity, and easy degradability, COS have gained considerable attention at present [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Chitosan Oligosaccharides Interfere with β-Amyloid Aggregation and Alleviate β-Amyloid Protein Mediated Neurotoxicity and Neuroinflammation in a Dose- and Degree of Polymerization-Dependent Manner

Zhu

Jiao

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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It is proven that β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates containing cross-β-sheet structures led to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss via multiple pathways. Therefore, reduction of Aβ neurotoxicity via inhibiting aggregation of Aβ or dissociating toxic Aβ aggregates into nontoxic forms might be effective therapeutic methods for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment. This study was designed to explore interference of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on β-(1-42)-amyloid protein (Aβ42) aggregation and Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity. Here it was demonstrated that COS showed good blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration ability in vitro and in vivo. The experimental results showed that COS efficiently interfered with Aβ42 aggregation in dose- and degree of polymerization (DP)-dependent manners, and COS monomer with DP6 showed the best effect on preventing conformational transition into β-sheet-rich structures. Based on the binding affinity analysis by microscale thermophoresis (MST), it was confirmed that COS could directly bind with Aβ42 in a DP-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrated that different performance of COS monomers with different DPs against Aβ42 assembly was, to some extent, attributable to their different binding capacities with Aβ42. As a result, COS significantly ameliorated Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, our studies would point towards a potential role of COS in treatment of AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Chitosan Oligosaccharides Interfere with β-Amyloid Aggregation and Alleviate β-Amyloid Protein Mediated Neurotoxicity and Neuroinflammation in a Dose- and Degree of Polymerization-Dependent Manner

Zhu

Jiao

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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“…Enzymatic methods employing chitosanases are favorable for degrading chitosan into COS. Compared with chemical and physical methods, enzymatic hydrolysis has many advantages, such as (i) specific degradation without distorting the amino and carboxyl groups structure of chitosan, which is necessary for its activity; (ii) environmental-friendliness of the process that does not consume quantities of acidic reagents; and (iii) easy control of reaction products under mild conditions [17]. To date, various chitosanases have been isolated from different organisms, including fungi, plants, and bacterium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a New Chitosanase from a Marine Bacillus sp. and the Anti-Oxidant Activity of Its Hydrolysate

Xiao

Yang

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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Chitooligosaccharide (COS) has been recognized to exhibit efficient anti-oxidant activity. Enzymatic hydrolysis using chitosanases can retain all the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan, which are necessary for its activity. In this study, a new chitosanase encoding gene, csnQ, was cloned from the marine Bacillus sp. Q1098 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant chitosanase, CsnQ, showed maximal activity at pH 5.31 and 60 °C. Determination of CsnQ pH-stability showed that CsnQ could retain more than 50% of its activity over a wide pH, from 3.60 to 9.80. CsnQ is an endo-type chitosanase, yielding chitodisaccharide as the main product. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that chitodisaccharide possesses much more effective anti-oxidant activity than glucosamine and low molecular weight chitosan (LMW-CS) (~5 kDa). Notably, to our knowledge, this is the first evidence that chitodisaccharide is the minimal COS fragment required for free radical scavenging.

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“…However, lately, polysaccharides purified from natural products have given rise to an increasing interest in antioxidant carbohydrates [17] due to their promising pharmacological and biological activities [18,19]. Likewise, promising antioxidant effects have been attributed to oligosaccharides, which are shorterchain carbohydrates [20][21][22]. In the past ten years, the number of scientific articles regarding oligosaccharides has expressively increased, with an increment of more than 65% in the total number of publications (obtained from Web of Science, September 2019; period restricted to 2008-2018).…”

Section: Vieira Etalmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides

Vieira

Corrêa

Peralta

et al. 2020

CPD

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Background: Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. Methods: The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. Results: The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. Conclusion: A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.

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A review on the preparation of chitosan oligosaccharides and application to human health, animal husbandry and agricultural production

Cited by 143 publications

References 113 publications

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Chitosan Oligosaccharides Interfere with β-Amyloid Aggregation and Alleviate β-Amyloid Protein Mediated Neurotoxicity and Neuroinflammation in a Dose- and Degree of Polymerization-Dependent Manner

Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Chitosan Oligosaccharides Interfere with β-Amyloid Aggregation and Alleviate β-Amyloid Protein Mediated Neurotoxicity and Neuroinflammation in a Dose- and Degree of Polymerization-Dependent Manner

Characterization of a New Chitosanase from a Marine Bacillus sp. and the Anti-Oxidant Activity of Its Hydrolysate

An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides

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