A Review on the Production of Lightweight Aggregates Using Industrial Bi-Product and Wastes from Different Sources

Abstract

Abstract:The waste materials from industrial are one of the concern issues in sustainable development. Recycle and reduce the waste material is one of the strategies to produce the better sustainable system. One of the methods is by using the waste materials to produce artificial aggregate. There are wide applications of artificial aggregate, for instance construction, agriculture, geotechnical fill, waste water, drainage and many more. Physical properties such as bulk density, specific gravity, unit weight, porosity and water absorption are important criteria. The performance of the artificial aggregate varies, depending on the application.

Fresh Properties of Self-Consolidating Expired Cement-Fly Ash Cold Bonded Lightweight Aggregate Concrete With Different Mineral Admixtures

“…Unused or improperly kept cement will expire if not used within the recommended storage term and can be considered waste material. Expired cement is the cement that has been used after its expiration date, which can be anywhere from (3)(4)(5)(6) months. It is possible for cement to partially hydrate when stored due to moisture penetration.…”

“…Cold bonding is considered highly cost-effective due to its low energy consumption, whereas sintering had to be terminated due to its high energy consumption and environmental impact. Energy resources have been exhausted in recent years [6].…”