A review on the relations between the vitamin status and cognitive performances

Franchi, F.; Baio, Gianluca; Bolognesi, Angelo; Braghieri, C.; Luchetti, L; Anzivino, F

doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(98)80030-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The role of taurine in CNS effects is unclear, as animal experiments could not demonstrate effects on brain taurine levels (Sved et al 2007 ). Although B vitamins play a role in cognitive functioning (Calvaresi and Bryan 2001 ; Franchi et al 1998 ; Huskisson et al 2007 ), their effects on driving are unknown. As Red Bull ® Energy Drink contains relatively low levels of vitamins and was administered only once in this study, it is unlikely that these ingredients play a major role in driving improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive effects of Red Bull® Energy Drink on driving performance during prolonged driving

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine if Red Bull® Energy Drink can counteract sleepiness and driving impairment during prolonged driving.MethodsTwenty-four healthy volunteers participated in this double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. After 2 h of highway driving in the STISIM driving simulator, subjects had a 15-min break and consumed Red Bull® Energy Drink (250 ml) or placebo (Red Bull® Energy Drink without the functional ingredients: caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, B vitamins (niacin, pantothenic acid, B6, B12), and inositol) before driving for two additional hours. A third condition comprised 4 h of uninterrupted driving. Primary parameter was the standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), i.e., the weaving of the car. Secondary parameters included SD speed, subjective driving quality, sleepiness, and mental effort to perform the test.ResultsNo significant differences were observed during the first 2 h of driving. Red Bull® Energy Drink significantly improved driving relative to placebo: SDLP was significantly reduced during the 3rd (p < 0.046) and 4th hour of driving (p < 0.011). Red Bull® Energy Drink significantly reduced the standard deviation of speed (p < 0.004), improved subjective driving quality (p < 0.0001), and reduced mental effort to perform the test (p < 0.024) during the 3rd hour of driving. Subjective sleepiness was significantly decreased during both the 3rd and 4th hour of driving after Red Bull® Energy Drink (p < 0.001 and p < 0.009, respectively). Relative to uninterrupted driving, Red Bull® Energy Drink significantly improved each parameter.ConclusionRed Bull® Energy Drink significantly improves driving performance and reduces driver sleepiness during prolonged highway driving.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive effects of Red Bull® Energy Drink on driving performance during prolonged driving

et al. 2010

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“…There is little doubt that good nutrition aids the development and maintenance of good cognitive functions 1‐5. What remains a key issue in research on the neurobiology of learning and memory is whether particular nutrients or diets can preferentially enhance cognition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancing Cognitive Function across the Life Span

Korol

2002

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Glucose administration regulates many neural and behavioral processes in rodents, including learning and memory. Given the important role of glucose in brain function and the safety of glucose as a treatment, we have investigated the effects of glucose administration in humans of different ages. In previous work, we examined the effects of early-morning glucose consumption on cognitive functions in elderly individuals. In this population, glucose enhanced performance on specific measures, particularly on those tasks where mild age-related deficits appear (e.g., verbal declarative memory). Interestingly, glucose failed to enhance cognitive functions in young adults. Our recent work has examined three issues related to glucose enhancement of cognition: First, is glucose effective only in reversing impairments or can it also facilitate performance in highly functioning individuals? Second, are glucose effects dependent either on time of day or on interactions with other meals? Third, are typical breakfast foods as effective as glucose in enhancing cognitive performance? Our findings suggest that glucose can improve memory in highly functioning populations as it does in populations with deficits. However, enhancement by glucose may require sufficient levels of task difficulty and of blood glucose. In addition, like glucose, early morning consumption of cereal can improve performance on some cognitive tests. These results have important implications for the nature of glucose facilitation of memory and for the role of dietary factors in performance of many daily activities.

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