A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things

Fernández‐Caramés, Tiago M.; Fraga‐Lamas, Paula

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2842685

Cited by 879 publications

(461 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Blockchains have become popular in recent years owing to the increasing use of decentralized systems and the growing need for tamper-proof data management. As such, they are being used in several domains such as IoT, health care, electronic voting, e-government solutions, and supply chain [198]- [205]. However, prior to the integration of such legacy systems with Blockchains, it is pertinent to fully understand their security properties and the attack surface.…”

Section: Discussion and Open Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Attack Surface of Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey

Saad

Spaulding

Njilla

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

268

161

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In this paper, we systematically explore the attack surface of the Blockchain technology, with an emphasis on public Blockchains. Towards this goal, we attribute attack viability in the attack surface to 1) the Blockchain cryptographic constructs, 2) the distributed architecture of the systems using Blockchain, and 3) the Blockchain application context. To each of those contributing factors, we outline several attacks, including selfish mining, the 51% attack, Domain Name System (DNS) attacks, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, consensus delay (due to selfish behavior or distributed denial-of-service attacks), Blockchain forks, orphaned and stale blocks, block ingestion, wallet thefts, smart contract attacks, and privacy attacks. We also explore the causal relationships between these attacks to demonstrate how various attack vectors are connected to one another. A secondary contribution of this work is outlining effective defense measures taken by the Blockchain technology or proposed by researchers to mitigate the effects of these attacks and patch associated vulnerabilities.

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Section: Discussion and Open Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Attack Surface of Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey

Saad

Spaulding

Njilla

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

268

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After that, many researchers abroad have began to analyse and mine the knowledge hidden behind crypto-currencies, such as Ethereum, Ripple [25], Litecoin [26] and so on. Additionally, several alternative blockchains have been proposed, such as sidechains [27]. These are all considered to be Blockchain 1.0 technologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Credit Evaluation System Based on Blockchain for Multiple Stakeholders in the Food Supply Chain

Mao

Wang

Hao

et al. 2018

IJERPH

209

136

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The food supply chain is a complex system that involves a multitude of “stakeholders” such as farmers, production factories, distributors, retailers and consumers. “Information asymmetry” between stakeholders is one of the major factors that lead to food fraud. Some current researches have shown that applying blockchain can help ensure food safety. However, they tend to study the traceability of food but not its supervision. This paper provides a blockchain-based credit evaluation system to strengthen the effectiveness of supervision and management in the food supply chain. The system gathers credit evaluation text from traders by smart contracts on the blockchain. Then the gathered text is analyzed directly by a deep learning network named Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). Finally traders’ credit results are used as a reference for the supervision and management of regulators. By applying blockchain, traders can be held accountable for their actions in the process of transaction and credit evaluation. Regulators can gather more reliable, authentic and sufficient information about traders. The results of experiments show that adopting LSTM results in better performance than traditional machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Navie Bayes (NB) to analyze the credit evaluation text. The system provides a friendly interface for the convenience of users.

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“…Reyna et al [6] investigated the possibility and research issues of integrating blockchain with IoT. The work of [7] presents a review on integrating blockchain with IoT in the application aspect. Ref.…”

Section: Arxiv:190600245v3 [Csni] 1 Sep 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Internet of Things: A Survey

Dai

Zheng

Zhang

2019

IEEE Internet Things J.

1,015

397

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Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping the incumbent industry to smart industry featured with data-driven decisionmaking. However, intrinsic features of IoT result in a number of challenges such as decentralization, poor interoperability, privacy and security vulnerabilities. Blockchain technology brings the opportunities in addressing the challenges of IoT. In this paper, we investigate the integration of blockchain technology with IoT. We name such synthesis of blockchain and IoT as Blockchain of Things (BCoT). This paper presents an in-depth survey of BCoT and discusses the insights of this new paradigm. In particular, we first briefly introduce IoT and discuss the challenges of IoT. Then we give an overview of blockchain technology. We next concentrate on introducing the convergence of blockchain and IoT and presenting the proposal of BCoT architecture. We further discuss the issues about using blockchain for 5G beyond in IoT as well as industrial applications of BCoT. Finally, we outline the open research directions in this promising area.

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A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things

Cited by 879 publications

References 117 publications

Exploring the Attack Surface of Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey

Exploring the Attack Surface of Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey

Credit Evaluation System Based on Blockchain for Multiple Stakeholders in the Food Supply Chain

Blockchain for Internet of Things: A Survey

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