A review on the utilization of calcium oxide as a base catalyst in biodiesel production

Zul, Nabilah Atiqah; Ganesan, Shankar; Hamidon, Tuan Sherwyn; Oh, Wen−Da; Hussin, M. Hazwan

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105741

Cited by 70 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 135 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Overall, these X-ray diffraction results confirmed the incorporation of calcium moieties into the catalyst samples. ese results showed that the presence of calcium functionalities on carbon-based supports generated catalytic properties for oil transesterification, which were consistent with the results reported by other researchers [20,[66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Analysis Of Preparation Conditions Of Heterogeneous Catalyst...supporting

confidence: 92%

Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline and Acidic Heterogeneous Carbon-Based Catalysts and Their Application in Vegetable Oil Transesterification to Obtain Biodiesel

Díaz-Muñoz

Reynel-Ávila

Mendoza-Castillo

et al. 2022

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reports the preparation, evaluation, and comparison of alkaline and acidic heterogeneous carbon-based catalysts in the transesterification of safflower oil with methanol to obtain biodiesel. These catalysts were obtained from the pyrolysis of flamboyant pods and their functionalization and activation with potassium hydroxide, citric acid, tartaric acid, sulfuric acid, and calcium nitrate. Different routes for the preparation of these catalysts were tested and analyzed where the FAME formation was the target variable to be improved. Results showed that the catalyst prepared with potassium hydroxide and calcium nitrate achieved the highest FAME formation (i.e., 95%) and outperformed the catalysts prepared with calcium nitrate and other acids even after four regeneration-reaction cycles. The best properties of an alkaline catalyst could be associated with its specific surface area and contents of potassium and calcium moieties, which were higher than those observed for acidic catalysts. Transesterification rates for biodiesel production were better estimated with the pseudo-order kinetic model, which ranged from 0.0004 to 0.038 L/mol⋅min for alkaline and acidic catalysts.

show abstract

Section: Analysis Of Preparation Conditions Of Heterogeneous Catalyst...supporting

confidence: 92%

Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline and Acidic Heterogeneous Carbon-Based Catalysts and Their Application in Vegetable Oil Transesterification to Obtain Biodiesel

Díaz-Muñoz

Reynel-Ávila

Mendoza-Castillo

et al. 2022

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Elevating the amount of strontium with a higher base property than calcium results in higher adsorption of polar compounds, such as water, methanol, and glycerol by the catalyst surface. These cause soap formation in the mixture and reduce the efficiency of biodiesel 95‐97 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from waste oil under mild conditions by a combination of calcium‐strontium oxide nanocatalyst and ultrasonic waves

Shahraini

Entezari

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transesterification of waste oils to biodiesel was carried out in the presence and absence of ultrasound. A new nanocatalyst of the calcium-strontium oxide was applied with high catalytic activity. The innovation of this work is an environmentally friendly synthesized nanocatalyst with ultrasound at low temperatures. After synthesis, the nanocatalyst was characterized with FESEM, FT-IR, and CO 2 -TPD, NH 3 -TPD. It was mesoporous and showed great basicity by the CO 2 -TPD method. The highest conversion of biodiesel was 99.2% under optimal reaction conditions (2.5 wt% nanocatalyst, oil to methanol molar ratio 1:6, time 40 minutes, temperature 35 C, and 42% amplitude of ultrasound).

show abstract

“…In cluster #5, calcium oxide is emphasized. CaO is an inexpensive material that can be found in abundant quantities in the Earth’s lower mantle and a material that does not cause harm to the environment [ 90 ]. The prominent paper by Mazaheri [ 91 ] shows an overview of the advances in the use of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biodiesel production.…”

Section: Trendy Research Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Feedstocks and Challenges in Biodiesel Production: An Advanced Bibliometric Analysis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, frying oils, and from microorganism-synthesized oils. These sources render biodiesel an easily biodegradable fuel. The aim of this work was to perform an advanced bibliometric analysis of primary studies relating to biodiesel production worldwide by identifying the key countries and regions that have shown a strong engagement in this area, and by understanding the dynamics of their collaboration and research outputs. Additionally, an assessment of the main primary feedstocks employed in this research was carried out, along with an analysis of the current and future trends that are expected to define new paths and methodologies to be used in the manufacture of biodegradable and renewable fuels. A total of 4586 academic outputs were selected, including peer-reviewed research articles, conference papers, and literature reviews related to biodiesel production, in the time period spanning from 2010 to 2021. Articles that focused on feedstocks for the production of biodiesel were also included, with a search that returned 330 papers. Lastly, 60 articles relating to biodiesel production via sewage were specifically included to allow for an analysis of this source as a promising feedstock in the future of the biofuel market. Via the geocoding and the document analyses performed, we concluded that China, Malaysia, and India are the largest writers of articles in this area, revealing a great interest in biofuels in Asia. Additionally, it was noted that environmental concerns have caused authors to conduct research on feedstocks that can address the sustainability challenges in the production of biodiesel.

show abstract

A review on the utilization of calcium oxide as a base catalyst in biodiesel production

Cited by 70 publications

References 135 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline and Acidic Heterogeneous Carbon-Based Catalysts and Their Application in Vegetable Oil Transesterification to Obtain Biodiesel

Preparation and Characterization of Alkaline and Acidic Heterogeneous Carbon-Based Catalysts and Their Application in Vegetable Oil Transesterification to Obtain Biodiesel

Biodiesel from waste oil under mild conditions by a combination of calcium‐strontium oxide nanocatalyst and ultrasonic waves

Sustainable Feedstocks and Challenges in Biodiesel Production: An Advanced Bibliometric Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About