A review on transfer factor an immune modulator

Krishnaveni, M.

doi:10.1016/j.dit.2013.04.002

Cited by 28 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…TF is resistant to treatment with DNase, pancreatic RNase and trypsin, but cannot withstand snake venom phosphodiesterase. [8] TF can resist deep freezing, but is heat labile. Its heat sensitivity depends on the melting of the double-stranded nucleic acid.…”

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…C and À70 C and is lost at 90 C. [8] As it is a low-molecular weight mixture, DLE is not immunogenic and contains no histocompatibility antigens. [3,8] Mechanism of action and immunological properties of transfer factor TF is produced by CD4 C Th1 cells during the immune response to an antigen.…”

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Email: arnaudov@uni-plovdiv.bg yellow fluids, with pH 5.5À7.0 or lower (pH 5.6À6.8) depending on the method of obtaining. [2,8,13,14] The ratio OD260/OD280 (absorbance index, which represents the ratio of nucleotides to peptides) of the extracts ranges from 1.8 to 3.0 depending on the method of preparation.…”

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,8] Mechanism of action and immunological properties of transfer factor TF is produced by CD4 C Th1 cells during the immune response to an antigen. [8,18] Its biological activity includes different À sometimes opposite À effects. Transfer factor contains the following constituents: antigen-specific inducer, suppressor [8] and non-specific (adjuvantlike) components [19].…”

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy

Arnaudov

Kostova

2015

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Dialysable leukocyte extracts (DLE) are complexes consisting of a large number of low-molecular-weight substances. These extracts have immunomodulatory properties, which are mainly attributed to small peptides commonly referred to as 'transfer factor'. This review focuses on the characteristics of DLE with transfer factor activity, together with the methods for their preparation and purification. The opportunities for applying the extracts for immunotherapy purposes against various diseases in humans and domestic animals are also discussed. Their ease of preparation and relatively low cost combined with the rapid positive effect they produce will make DLE subject to application in medicine in the future, including their use against new nosological entities.

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Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties Of Dlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy

Arnaudov

Kostova

2015

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Effect of splenic transfer factor on the development of intestinal mucosal barrier in laying hens

Wang

et al. 2022

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of chicken spleen transfer factor (TF) on the structure of intestinal epithelial cells in different age groups. One-day-old White Leghorns laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: three groups were administered TF at different dosages (0.10, 0.25 or 1.00 mL) and a fourth group was set as control (administered saline, 1.00 mL). Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, high-throughput sequencing, microbiota analysis, quantitative polymerase reaction and western blotting. RESULTS:We measured the effects of different doses of TF on the following: intestinal mucosal epithelial tissue morphology, intestinal mucosal epithelial barrier-related gene expression profiles, and intestinal epithelial tight junction gene protein levels. The collected data show that TF can improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing villus height and crypt depth, and regulate intestinal flora disorders. Furthermore, we verified that the expression of the claudin and occludin tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells was increased with TF. this research is very important for focusing on the structure and gene expression of intestinal tissues. CONCLUSION:The results provide a scientific rationale for feeding and nutrition programs for green and healthy farming, as well as technical support to improve the production efficiency of the livestock and poultry breeding industry.

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Quality consistency evaluation of commercial transfer factor injections by chromatographic fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis

Huang

Qian

Dong

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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The current quality control methods relying mainly on chromogenic reaction can hardly ensure the quality and safety of the biochemical drug with complex chemical composition. Therefore, a chromatographic fingerprint method was developed for the quality evaluation of a multicomponent biochemical drug, transfer factor injection. High-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was measured by using a C 18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-water and 0.085% trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile under gradient elution. The developed method was validated and was subsequently applied to 57 batches of commercial products which were sampled by National Drug Assessment Program.High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was performed on characteristic peaks of fingerprints, and a series of amino acids, nucleosides, and deoxynucleosides were identified. In the fingerprint assessments, principal component analysis and Hotelling T 2 analysis yielded the best results. The results generally indicated that there was a significant difference among products of batch-to-batch or from different manufacturers. Abnormal samples and its discriminatory components were also explored. In summary, the established fingerprinting method with multivariate statistical analysis could offer an efficient, reliable, and practical approach for quality consistency evaluation of transfer factor injection, providing a reference for the quality control of other multicomponent biochemical drugs. K E Y W O R D Shigh-performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting, multivariate statistical analysis, multicomponent biochemical drugs, transfer factor injection, quality consistency evaluation 2042

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A review on transfer factor an immune modulator

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy

Dialysable leukocyte extracts in immunotherapy

Effect of splenic transfer factor on the development of intestinal mucosal barrier in laying hens

Quality consistency evaluation of commercial transfer factor injections by chromatographic fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis

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