A review on various analytical methods for determination of anthracyclines and their metabolites as anti–cancer chemotherapy drugs in different matrices over the last four decades

Pashaei, Yaser; Mehrabi, Mona; Shekarchi, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2020.115991

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…For these reasons, it is strictly necessary to control the level of chemotherapy agents in biological fluids (urine, blood plasma, blood serum, and whole blood) for adequate correction of personal intake and pharmacokinetics monitoring. To date, IDA is determined by several physical methods, e.g., spectrofluorometry [6], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV and fluorescence detection [7] and electroanalytical techniques [8,9] (see also review [10]). Being sensitive and universal, such methods require sophisticated equipment, complicated and time-consuming sample treatment, and skilled labor staff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensing of Idarubicin—DNA Interaction Using Electropolymerized Azure B and Methylene Blue Mediation

et al. 2022

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A highly sensitive electrochemical DNA sensor for detection of the chemotherapeutic drug idarubicin mediated by Methylene blue (MB) has been developed. DNA from fish sperm has been immobilized at the electropolymerized layers of Azure B. The incorporation of MB into the DNA layers substantially increased the sensor sensitivity. The concentration range for idarubicin determination by cyclic voltammetry was from 1 fM to 0.1 nM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 fM. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of a redox probe ([Fe(CN)6]3−/4−) allowed for the widening of a linear range of idarubicin detection from 1 fM to 100 nM, retaining LOD 0.3 fM. The DNA sensor has been tested in various real and artificial biological fluids with good recovery ranging between 90–110%. The sensor has been successfully used for impedimetric idarubicin detection in medical preparation Zavedos®. The developed DNA biosensor could be useful for the control of the level of idarubicin during cancer therapy as well as for pharmacokinetics studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensing of Idarubicin—DNA Interaction Using Electropolymerized Azure B and Methylene Blue Mediation

et al. 2022

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“…The content of CPT in CPT-loaded polyphosphazene nanocarriers (Supplementary Materials Figure S1) and the in vitro release of CPT during drug release studies were determined by HPLC measurements with diode array detection (DAD), based on calibration curves of CPT in PBS (pH 7.4) at 254 and 370 nm (Supplementary Materials Figures S2 and S3) (Rt 4.5 min, R 2 0.999 and detection limits 0.41-12.2 µg/mL) [27,28]. Similarly, the content of EPI in EPI-loaded polyphosphazene nanocarriers (Supplementary Materials Figure S4) and in vitro EPI released were determined by HPLC with DAD detection at 254 nm and 475 nm [20,29], using calibration curves of epirubicin hydrochloride in PBS (pH 7.4) (Supplementary Materials Figures S5 and S6) (Rt 6.1 min, R 2 ranged from 0.985 to 0.986 and detection limits from 0.41 to 12.2 µg/mL).…”

Section: Anticancer Drug Content and Drug Release Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro release studies of CPT and EPI, respectively, were performed in PBS (pH 7.4) at 37 • C. To this end, 2.0 mL of CPT-or EPI-loaded polyphosphazenes 1.5CPT-P1, CPT-P1, CPT-P2, CPT-P3, EPI-P1 and EPI-P2 (2.5 mg/mL) in PBS at pH 7.4 was placed in dialysis cups (MWCO 3.5 kDa, Slide-A-Lyzer Mini Dialysis Devices, ThermoScientific, Rockford, IL, USA) and immersed in 10 mL of the release medium stirred at 100 rpm. The entire release medium was replaced at every required time point, and it was analyzed by using HPLC detection at 254 and 370 nm for CPT releases, and 254 and 475 nm for EPI releases [20,[27][28][29]. Tocopherol or testosterone delivery of carrier polyphosphazene P1-P3 in PBS (pH 7.4 and pH 6.0) at 37 • C was evaluated with UV spectrophotometry, using the calibration curves of tocopherol or testosterone in PBS at pH 7.…”

Section: Anticancer Drug Content and Drug Release Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphosphazene-Based Nanocarriers for the Release of Camptothecin and Epirubicin

et al. 2022

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The design and study of efficient polymer-based drug delivery systems for the controlled release of anticancer drugs is one of the pillars of nanomedicine. The fight against metastatic and invasive cancers demands therapeutic candidates with increased and selective toxicity towards malignant cells, long-term activity and reduced side effects. In this sense, polyphosphazene nanocarriers were synthesized for the sustained release of the anticancer drugs camptothecin (CPT) and epirubicin (EPI). Linear poly(dichloro)phosphazene was modified with lipophilic tocopherol or testosterone glycinate, with antioxidant and antitumor activity, and with hydrophilic Jeffamine M1000 to obtain different polyphosphazene nanocarriers. It allowed us to encapsulate the lipophilic CPT and the more hydrophilic EPI. The encapsulation process was carried out via solvent exchange/precipitation, attaining a 9.2–13.6 wt% of CPT and 0.3–2.4 wt% of EPI. CPT-loaded polyphosphazenes formed 140–200 nm aggregates in simulated body physiological conditions (PBS, pH 7.4), resulting in an 80–100-fold increase of CPT solubility. EPI-loaded polyphosphazenes formed 250 nm aggregates in an aqueous medium. CPT and EPI release (PBS, pH 7.4, 37 °C) was monitored for 202 h, being almost linear during the first 8 h. The slow release of testosterone and tocopherol was also sustained for 150 hours in PBS (pH 7.4 and 6.0) at 37 °C. The co-delivery of testosterone or tocopherol and the anticancer drugs from the nanocarriers was expected. Cells of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 demonstrated good uptake of anticancer-drug-loaded nanocarriers after 6 hours. Similarly, MCF-7 spheroids showed good uptake of the anticancer-drug-loaded aggregates after 72 hours. Almost all anticancer-drug-loaded polyphosphazenes exhibited similar or superior toxicity against MCF-7 cells and spheroids when compared to raw anticancer drugs. Additionally, cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was increased in response to the drug-loaded nanocarriers. Almost no toxicity of anticancer-drug-loaded aggregates against primary human lung fibroblasts was observed. Furthermore, the aggregates displayed no hemolytic activity, which is in contrast to the parent anticancer drugs. Consequently, synthesized polyphosphazene-based nanocarriers might be potential nanomedicines for chemotherapy.

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“…Doxorubicin (Figure 1), a 14-hydroxyl derivative of daunorubicin, belongs to the first generation of anthracycline antitumor antibiotics with a broad action spectrum. It can be used in child and adult treatment of acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's and malignant lymphoma, and many types of carcinomas [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doxorubicin has been applied in tumor treatment since 1974, and it exhibits good solubility in water and polar organic solvents [1]. High cardiotoxicity caused by oxidative stress is the most dangerous doxorubicin side effect [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Electropolymerization of Azure A and Carbon Nanomaterials for DNA-Sensor Assembling and Doxorubicin Biosensing

Porfireva

Begisheva

Rogov

et al. 2022

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New highly sensitive voltammetric DNA-sensors have been developed for the detection of cytostatic drug doxorubicin based on Azure A electropolymerized on various carbon nanomaterials, i.e., functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs) and carbon black (CB). Carbon materials promote electropolymerization of the Azure A dye applied as a matrix for DNA molecules saturated with methylene blue (MB) molecules. Interaction with the intercalator (doxorubicin) liberates the MB molecules and changes redox activity. The doxorubicin concentration ranges reached by cyclic voltammetry were from 0.1 pM to 100 nM (limit of detection, LOD, 0.03 pM) for the biosensor based on CB, and from 0.3 pM to 0.1 nM (LOD 0.3 pM) for that based on fMWCNTs. DNA-sensors were tested on spiked samples of artificial serum, and biological and pharmaceutical samples. The DNA-sensors can find further application in the monitoring of the doxorubicin residuals in cancer treatment, as well as for pharmacokinetics studies.

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A review on various analytical methods for determination of anthracyclines and their metabolites as anti–cancer chemotherapy drugs in different matrices over the last four decades

Cited by 33 publications

References 251 publications

Electrochemical Sensing of Idarubicin—DNA Interaction Using Electropolymerized Azure B and Methylene Blue Mediation

Electrochemical Sensing of Idarubicin—DNA Interaction Using Electropolymerized Azure B and Methylene Blue Mediation

Polyphosphazene-Based Nanocarriers for the Release of Camptothecin and Epirubicin

One-Step Electropolymerization of Azure A and Carbon Nanomaterials for DNA-Sensor Assembling and Doxorubicin Biosensing

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