A Review on Virtual Power Plant Concept, Application and Challenges

Wang, Xuanyuan; Zhang, Hao; Zhao, Yue; Shi, Jin; Ding, He

doi:10.1109/isgt-asia.2019.8881433

Cited by 64 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The global VPP is reported by polls and surveys (P&S), In 2016, the VPP market was anticipated to grow from USD 191.5 million to US$ 1.1875 billion in 2023 [33]. A list of some worldwide VPP projects has been depicted in Table 4.…”

Section: Virtual Power Plant (Vpp) Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No DER is static in the VPP [33]. Dynamic and practical characteristics are considered during allocating resources.…”

Section: Challenges Of Vppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic and practical characteristics are considered during allocating resources. The assessment index system and methods of evaluation must be developed [33]. Universal adoption is a major challenge for communicating between the DER units.…”

Section: Challenges Of Vppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Sustainability–Survey on Technology and Control of Microgrid, Smart Grid and Virtual Power Plant

et al. 2021

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The idea of microgrid, smart grid, and virtual power plant (VPP) is being developed to resolve the challenges of climate change in the 21st century, to ensure the use of renewable energy in the electrical grid. For the increasing demand for electricity, raising public consciousness about reducing carbon emission, the microgrid is established which is transformed into a virtual power plant (VPP) or a smart grid with the blessing of modern communication systems, intelligence technology, and smart devices. So, to keep these systems up-to-date and to ensure security, it is important to know the details about the uses and benefits of these systems in the developed world and also to improve control methods and automation, it is important to achieve the present essence of such systems. This paper is focused to contribute to this flourishing area of energy sustainability covering microgrid, smart grid, and virtual power plant by compiling and recapping their recent advancements, technical requirements, control problems, and solutions. The paper is mainly intended to address the role of control strategies applied to the microgrid, smart grid, and virtual power plant towards future energy generation, distribution, management, and security.INDEX TERMS Controllers, cyber security, microgrid, renewable energy, smart grid, system architectures, virtual power plant, world market.

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Section: Virtual Power Plant (Vpp) Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No DER is static in the VPP [33]. Dynamic and practical characteristics are considered during allocating resources.…”

Section: Challenges Of Vppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Sustainability–Survey on Technology and Control of Microgrid, Smart Grid and Virtual Power Plant

et al. 2021

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“…In Reference [8], the main benefits and challenges of the implementation of smart grid technology are analyzed from the point of view of demand management, distributed generation, or measurement and communication systems. Similarly, in Reference [9], the challenges of the implementation of VPP technology in the electrical system are described, as well as the projects that have been carried out of VPPs. From a technical point of view, the widespread applicability of VPPs presents challenges in the management and communication among the components, since it is required for the development of ICT infrastructures and real-time monitoring systems for the optimal control of distributed energy resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Energy Management for Demand Charges and Energy Cost Optimization of a Pumping Stations System under a Renewable Virtual Power Plant Model

Naval¹,

Yusta²

2020

Energies

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The effects of climate change seriously affect agriculture at different latitudes of the planet because periods of drought are intensifying and the availability of water for agricultural irrigation is reducing. In addition, the energy cost associated with pumping water has increased notably in recent years due to, among other reasons, the maximum demand charges that are applied annually according to the contracted demand in each facility. Therefore, very efficient management of both water resources and energy resources is required. This article proposes the integration of water-energy management in a virtual power plant (VPP) model for the optimization of energy costs and maximum demand charges. For the development of the model, a problem related to the optimal operation of electricity generation and demand resources arises, which is formulated as a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model (MINLP). The objective is to maximize the annual operating profit of the VPP. It is worth mentioning that the model is applied to a large irrigation system using real data on consumption and power generation, exclusively renewable. In addition, different scenarios are analyzed to evaluate the variability of the operating profit of the VPP with and without intraday demand management as well as the influence of the wholesale electricity market price on the model. In view of the results obtained, the model that integrates the management of the water-energy binomial increases the self-consumption of renewable energy and saves electricity supply costs.

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“…The global market of the VPP is expected to rise from $191.5 million in 2016 to $1.1875 billion in 2023. There are several projects of VPP are going on around the world, namely in Germany, Netherlands, Spain, France, Denmark, Belgium, and Australia 14 . Power Hub is an implementation of VPP which is developed by Danish energy company DONG Energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pricing scheme to ease energy poverty of low‐income population in smart grid

Singh

Gore

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Demand Response (DR) program is an important component of a cyber‐physical energy infrastructure. The DR pilot projects in Europe, North America, and Australia showed that some consumers respond, few consumers marginally respond while some consumers do not respond at all to the DR programs. DR program basically uses pricing schemes, namely, flat price, time‐of‐use price, inclined block rate price, real‐time price, and threshold based real‐time price. The problem with these pricing schemes is that consumers (specifically those who have low‐income) have to pay electricity bill which is not feasible for them. So, they suffer from energy poverty, that is, they are not able to purchase even the minimum amount of energy which suffices their requirements. The DR program is basically of two types, namely (a) active DR program, and (b) passive DR program. This article is about the pricing scheme which would be used in the passive DR program. This article is proposing a novel pricing scheme to ease the energy poverty issue of low‐income group of population. This article proposes an idea of population categorization based on wealth and an idea to find suitable thresholds for proposed pricing scheme.

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A Review on Virtual Power Plant Concept, Application and Challenges

Cited by 64 publications

References 26 publications

Energy Sustainability–Survey on Technology and Control of Microgrid, Smart Grid and Virtual Power Plant

Energy Sustainability–Survey on Technology and Control of Microgrid, Smart Grid and Virtual Power Plant

Water-Energy Management for Demand Charges and Energy Cost Optimization of a Pumping Stations System under a Renewable Virtual Power Plant Model

Pricing scheme to ease energy poverty of low‐income population in smart grid

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