A Review on Zeolite: Application, Synthesis and Effect of Synthesis Parameters on Product Properties

Salahudeen, Nurudeen

doi:10.1007/s42250-022-00471-9

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Current research on zeolite synthesis is ecologically oriented, which implies the use of natural or already used raw materials for this purpose [18]. Compared to natural zeolites, synthetic zeolites have higher purity and more uniform quality [1,19]. Due to industrialization and the limitation of environmental standards, increasing amounts of wastewater with complex composition is generated, for which more complex treatment processes must be applied [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocoagulation Combined with Synthetic Zeolite—Does the Size of Zeolite Particles Matter?

Vukojević Medvidović,

Vrsalović,

Svilović

et al. 2023

Minerals

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Although electrocoagulation combined with zeolite (ECZ) shows higher efficiency in wastewater treatment, the actual contribution of zeolite particle size has not been fully explored. In this work, the influence of particle size of synthetic zeolite SZ (<90, 90–160, and 160–600 μm) on ECZ treatment of compost leachate with very high organic load is investigated together with different electrode materials (Fe, Al, and Zn), current densities (0.003, 0.009 and 0.018 A/cm2), and contact times (10, 20 and 30 min). The results positively highlight that the largest particle size should be used in ECZ, as it leads to a lower increase in pH and temperature, a higher decrease of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity, and a lower electrode consumption, while causing more damage to the electrode surface. The estimated energy costs ranged from 3.960 kW/m3–1313.657 kW/m3. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal configuration showed the highest COD and turbidity decrease under the conditions of 160–600 µm zeolite particles. The powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD) analysis shows that interplanar spacing decreases when smaller and medium SZ particle sizes are used, while this effect was not observed with larger zeolite particle size. SEM-EDS shows that oxygen, silicon, and aluminium are the predominant elements in electrogenerated sludge coupled with zeolite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocoagulation Combined with Synthetic Zeolite—Does the Size of Zeolite Particles Matter?

Vukojević Medvidović,

Vrsalović,

Svilović

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…Besides the considerable interest in ionic liquids due to their diverse properties, such as high ionic conductivity, negligible volatility, non-flammability, and high thermal and chemical stability [31,32], over recent years, ILs have shown new potential as green solvents for chemical reactions [33][34][35] known as 'the ionothermal process'. This has attracted the great interest of many scientific researchers around the world who have contributed to this field [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], including Ahmed and Ruck [46], Wang et al [18], Tian and Liu. [47], Liu and Yu.…”

Section: Historic and Interest In Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on ionothermal synthesis of zeolites and zeotype materials

Fortas,

Boukoussa,

Hasnaoui

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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Known as green inorganic products and environmentally beneficial, ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly used in the ionothermal synthesis of zeolites and zeotype materials compared to the hydrothermal method. This safe and successful process offers new opportunities to produce several molecular sieves with different morphologies and structures for promising applications.In this review, we summarize the history of the most successful phases of zeolites and zeotype materials, with different structures such as AEL, AEI, AFI, AST, ATS, CHA, -CLO, ITW, LEV, LTA, MFI, MTN, MTT, SOD, TON, IRR, and STW, from ILs discovery until 2022. The use of the ionothermal method compared to the hydrothermal route is evaluated and reported in this paper, besides synthesis parameters affecting the final product formation, such as IL dosage, cation size and shape, water content, (P, Si, F, IL/Al) ratios, crystallization time and temperature, mineralizing agent, Me/Al ratio, the addition of a secondary template (co-SDA), the use of IL as both SDA and solvent, competition in forming the framework, and the use of eutectic mixture and deep eutectic solvent (DES). Furthermore, we collected the various applications of these materials and highlighted the advantages of the ionothermal process, offering a comprehensive understanding of this topic.

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Titania immobilized over Fe‐functionalized beta and silicalite zeolites for tetracycline photocatalytic degradation under visible light

Jalloul,

Hijazi,

Awala

et al. 2024

Can J Chem Eng

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Titania photocatalyst is widely employed in the removal of organic pollutants from water streams. However, TiO2 suffers from agglomeration and is mostly active under UV light resulting in low system efficiency. In this study, we prepared sol–gel TiO2 immobilized on beta (BEA) and silicalite zeolites for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics under visible light. Ferric ions were incorporated into the supported Titania photocatalyst via ion exchange method to enhance its visible light absorption. The deposition of the Titania over BEA zeolite greatly enhanced its adsorption efficiency (from 5.6% to 24%) and surface area (from 90 to 305.9 m2/g) while silicalite support only slightly affected the adsorption of Titania. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of the photocatalysts indicated that the zeolite structure was conserved after modification and the UV–VIS DRS characterization confirmed the enhancement of visible light absorption. The TiO2/Fe‐Beta was able to degrade 100% of tetracycline (TC) in solution under blue light after 90 min compared to only 30% by TiO2/Fe‐silicalite and 28% by TiO2. When the weight percentage of TiO2 in the TiO2/Fe‐silicalite photocatalyst increased from 20% to 60%, its efficiency increased from 87% to 99% after 300 min. Similar results were also obtained under white light, where the TiO2/Fe‐Beta achieved the highest efficiency (81.5%) as compared to TiO2/Fe‐silicalite (66.6%) and TiO2 (44.7%). We attribute this enhanced performance of TiO2/Fe‐Beta to enhanced adsorption capacity due to BEA immobilization and improved visible light absorption.

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A Review on Zeolite: Application, Synthesis and Effect of Synthesis Parameters on Product Properties

Cited by 14 publications

References 164 publications

Electrocoagulation Combined with Synthetic Zeolite—Does the Size of Zeolite Particles Matter?

Electrocoagulation Combined with Synthetic Zeolite—Does the Size of Zeolite Particles Matter?

A review on ionothermal synthesis of zeolites and zeotype materials

Titania immobilized over Fe‐functionalized beta and silicalite zeolites for tetracycline photocatalytic degradation under visible light

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