A Review: Potential Usage of Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) for Enzyme Immobilization via Covalent Interactions

Sulaiman, Safwan; Mokhtar, Mohd Noriznan; Naim, Mohd Nazli; Baharuddin, Azhari Samsu; Sulaiman, Alawi

doi:10.1007/s12010-014-1417-x

Cited by 112 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…38 Because of their high strength, stiffness, biocompatibility, renewability, and low cost, cellulose nanofibers have gained increased attention for use as an enzyme immobilization support. 39 Controllable immobilization of naringinase on electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers for juice debittering was reported by Huang et al 40 In this study, cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactone and cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactam blended nanofibers were fabricated via an electrospinning technique with different cellulose monoacetate ratios. Protease was immobilized on as-spun and glutaraldehyde-activated nanofibers (NFs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Cellulose is a natural biopolymer that can be produced and extracted from various living organisms, including cotton, trees, and bacteria . Because of their high strength, stiffness, biocompatibility, renewability, and low cost, cellulose nanofibers have gained increased attention for use as an enzyme immobilization support . Controllable immobilization of naringinase on electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers for juice debittering was reported by Huang et al …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactone and cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactam blended nanofibers for protease immobilization

Aykut

Sevgi

Demirkan

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Enzymes can be used multiple times when they are immobilized on a support. More enzymes can be immobilized on a surface when nanofibers are used as a supporting surface because the specific surface area increases tremendously. In this regard, polycaprolactam/cellulose monoacetate (PA6/CMA) and polycaprolactone/cellulose monoacetate (PCL/CMA) blended nanofibers (NFs) were prepared via an electrospinning process. Protease enzymes were immobilized on neat PA6, PCL, PA6/CMA, and PCL/CMA nanofibers and glutaraldehyde (GA) activated analogs through the physical adsorption method. The immobilized enzyme activity was measured by using a casein substrate, and the results were compared with free enzyme activity. Among all of the samples, the highest immobilization yield of about 82% was obtained with GA‐activated neat PCL NF samples. The best remaining activity of the immobilized enzymes on pure CMA NFs was found to be 59% after seven reuses. Even after nine reuses, enzyme activities are still observed on the CMA NF samples. It was expected that the addition of CMA in PCL and PA6 NFs would increase the reusability number to reach the reusability of CMA NFs, but it was not significantly enhanced. If CMA chains could be mostly collected on the sheath or close to the sheath of the NFs during the electrospinnig process, this target could be achieved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45479.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactone and cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactam blended nanofibers for protease immobilization

Aykut

Sevgi

Demirkan

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…As depicted in Table 2, about 95.0% of immobilization yield of protein binding with 69.48% retained enzyme activity were obtained. The results show high percentage of immobilization yield indicates the successfully of interaction between CGTase molecules and CNF support [18]. High percentage of enzyme activity also contributes to the better performance of enzymatic reaction [14,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Cgtase Immobilizationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, variations of these results are corresponding to the result of morphological structure and size of fibres. [18]. Chemical coupling agents function as specific linkage or anchor from one side of functional group to other side of functional group, representing as [CGTase enzyme-(ligand-spacer arm)-CNF support], which forms a thin layer on surface CNF support.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical coupling agents function as specific linkage or anchor from one side of functional group to other side of functional group, representing as [CGTase enzyme-(ligand-spacer arm)-CNF support], which forms a thin layer on surface CNF support. Chemical coupling agents also permit a very strong binding between target enzyme molecules and CNF support at a specific point of reactive group, as promising the accessibility and flexibility of the interaction [18]. Reactive functional group acts as a platform for the interaction between two end-terminals of the chemical coupling, providing the highest chance to create bio-functionalized linkage with the amino group of enzyme [19].…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Cellulose Nanofibre (Cnf) Derived From Kenaf Bast Fibre and It’s Potential in Enzyme Immobilization Support

Sulaiman

Mokhtar

Naim

et al. 2016

MJAS

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This research mainly focuses on developing a natural cellulose nanofibre (CNF) from kenaf bast fibre and its potential for enzyme immobilization support. CNF was isolated by using a combination between chemical and mechanical treatments such as alkaline process and high-intensity ultrasonication process to increase the efficiency of hemicellulose and lignin removal, and to reduce its size into nano-order. The morphological study was carried out by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), indicating most of CNF diameter in range of 50-90 nm was obtained. The result of chemical analysis shows that cellulose content of raw bast fibre, bleached pulp fibre and CNF are 66.4 %, 83.7 % and 90.0 %, respectively. By decreasing the size of cellulose fibre, it increases the number of (O-H) group on the surface that plays as important role in enzyme immobilization. Covalent immobilization of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) onto CNF support resulted in about 95.0 % of protein loading with 69.48 % of enzyme activity, indicating high immobilization yield of enzyme. The enzymatic reaction of immobilized CGTase was able to produce more than 40 % yield of α-CD. Reusability profile of immobilized CGTase resulted in more than 60 % of retained activity up to 7 cycles. Therefore, the CNF is highly potential to be applied as enzyme immobilization support.Keywords: cellulose nanofibre (CNF), kenaf, enzyme immobilization; cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase), chemical and mechanical treatments Abstrak Kajian ini memberi tumpuan terutamanya kepada penghasilan nano-gentian selulosa (CNF) semulajadi daripada gentian lapisan kulit kenaf dan potensinya sebagai penyokong pemegunan enzim. CNF dihasilkan dengan menggunakan gabungan antara rawatan kimia dan mekanikal seperti proses alkali dan proses ultrasonikasi berintensiti tinggi untuk meningkatkan kadar kecekapan penyingkiran hemiselulosa dan lignin, dan pengurangan saiz kepada nano. Kajian morfologi menggunakan mikroskop imbasan elektron (SEM), menunjukkan sebahagian besar daripada saiz diameter CNF diperolehi dalam julat 50-90 nm. Hasil kajian analisis kimia menunjukkan bahawa kandungan selulosa daripada gentian mentah, gentian pulpa dan CNF masingmasingnya adalah 66.4 %, 83.7 % dan 90.0 %. Dengan mengurangkan saiz diameter gentian selulosa, ia meningkatkan bilangan kumpulan (O-H) di permukaan sokongan yang mana memainkan peranan yang penting dalam pemegunan enzim. Pemegunan ISSN -2506 Safwan et al: DEVELOPMENT OF CELLULOSE NANOFIBRE (CNF) DERIVED FROM KENAF BAST FIBRE AND IT'S POTENTIAL IN ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION SUPPORT 310Siklodektrin Glukanotransferase (CGTase) secara kovalen pada CNF menunjukkan kira-kira 95.0 % muatan protein dengan 69.48 % aktiviti enzim, menunjukkan pemegunan enzim yang tinggi terhasil. Tindak balas berenzim CGTase terpegun juga mampu menghasilkan lebih daripada 40 % pengeluaran α-CD. Kitaran kebolehulangan enzim terpegun menunjukkan lebih daripada 60 % daripada aktivitinya dapat dikekalkan selama 7 kitaran. Oleh itu, CNF sangat berpotensi untuk ...

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Biopolymers for Enzyme Immobilization

Salave,

Vitore,

Rana

et al. 2024

Biopolymers in Pharmaceutical and Food Applications

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A Review: Potential Usage of Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) for Enzyme Immobilization via Covalent Interactions

Cited by 112 publications

References 166 publications

Cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactone and cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactam blended nanofibers for protease immobilization

Cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactone and cellulose monoacetate/polycaprolactam blended nanofibers for protease immobilization

Development of Cellulose Nanofibre (Cnf) Derived From Kenaf Bast Fibre and It’s Potential in Enzyme Immobilization Support

Biopolymers for Enzyme Immobilization

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