A risk calculator to predict adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: generation and external validation in three birth cohorts and one clinical sample - ERRATUM

Caye, Arthur; Agnew-Blais, Jessica; Arseneault, Louise; Gonçalves, Helena Piúma; Kieling, Christian; Langley, Kate; Menezes, Ana; Moffitt, Terrie E.; Passos, Ives Cavalcante; Rocha, Thiago Botter-Maio; Sibley, Margaret H.; Swanson, Jim; Thapar, Anita; Wehrmeister, Fernando César; Rohde, Luis Augusto

doi:10.1017/s2045796019000337

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, none has undertaken a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) approach to perform a mechanistic comparison between two drugs. Besides, in the mental health field, were investigations on personalized medicine are scarce, recent studies in ADHD have shown how an individualized approach could be beneficial for managing these patients (27,28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico clinical trial evaluating lisdexamfetamine’s and methylphenidate’s mechanism of action computational models in an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder virtual patients’ population

Gutiérrez-Casares,

Quintero,

Segú-Vergés

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an impairing psychiatric condition with the stimulants, lisdexamfetamine (LDX), and methylphenidate (MPH), as the first lines pharmacological treatment.MethodsHerein, we applied a novel in silico method to evaluate virtual LDX (vLDX) and vMPH as treatments for ADHD applying quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models. The objectives were to evaluate the model’s output, considering the model characteristics and the information used to build them, to compare both virtual drugs’ efficacy mechanisms, and to assess how demographic (age, body mass index, and sex) and clinical characteristics may affect vLDX’s and vMPH’s relative efficacies.Results and DiscussionWe molecularly characterized the drugs and pathologies based on a bibliographic search, and generated virtual populations of adults and children-adolescents totaling 2,600 individuals. For each virtual patient and virtual drug, we created physiologically based pharmacokinetic and QSP models applying the systems biology-based Therapeutic Performance Mapping System technology. The resulting models’ predicted protein activity indicated that both virtual drugs modulated ADHD through similar mechanisms, albeit with some differences. vMPH induced several general synaptic, neurotransmitter, and nerve impulse-related processes, whereas vLDX seemed to modulate neural processes more specific to ADHD, such as GABAergic inhibitory synapses and regulation of the reward system. While both drugs’ models were linked to an effect over neuroinflammation and altered neural viability, vLDX had a significant impact on neurotransmitter imbalance and vMPH on circadian system deregulation. Among demographic characteristics, age and body mass index affected the efficacy of both virtual treatments, although the effect was more marked for vLDX. Regarding comorbidities, only depression negatively impacted both virtual drugs’ efficacy mechanisms and, while that of vLDX were more affected by the co-treatment of tic disorders, the efficacy mechanisms of vMPH were disturbed by wide-spectrum psychiatric drugs. Our in silico results suggested that both drugs could have similar efficacy mechanisms as ADHD treatment in adult and pediatric populations and allowed raising hypotheses for their differential impact in specific patient groups, although these results require prospective validation for clinical translatability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%