A Roadmap to Understand Battery Performance in Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Operation

Perspective on Commercial Li-ion Battery Testing, Best Practices for Simple and Effective Protocols

“…The method is based on the linear regime of the Tafel behavior [35] which, for small currents, shares some formal similarity with Ohm's law. Figure 4a presents the calculation process that was described previously in [36]. If the cells were previously charged to the exact same SOC prior to the C/5 and C/2 discharges, i.e., that the RCVs were similar, the initial IR drop can be used to determine the resistance.…”

Model Parametrization and Adaptation Based on the Invariance of Support Vectors With Applications to Battery State-of-Health Monitoring

“…ICA has the advantage of detecting a gradual change in cell behavior during a life-cycle test, with greater sensitivity than those based on conventional charge/discharge curves, and yielding key information on the cell behavior associated with its electrochemical properties [15], [35]. As shown in Fig.…”

An Open-Circuit-Voltage Model of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Effective Incremental Capacity Analysis

“…Since all the peaks on an IC curve lie within the flat region of the OCV curve, computing the derivatives directly from the data set often leads to inaccurate and undesirable results, even after careful data filtering. By designing an OCV model that captures those voltage plateaus and the subtle transitions over the flat region, one can perform ICA without using numerical derivative to study battery performance, thereby revealing useful information associated with its electrochemical properties and aging status [22,23]. Therefore, for the purposes of both SOC estimation and SOH monitoring through ICA, an OCV model that can capture the underlying physical process over the flat region and be capable of supporting ICA is needed.…”

“…Using the so-called incremental capacity analysis (ICA) technique [16,21], which differentiates the battery charged capacity (Q) with respect to the terminal voltage (V ) and transforms voltage plateaus on the V -Q (voltage-charged versus capacity) curve into clearly identifiable dQ/dV peaks on the incremental capacity (IC) curve (see Fig. 1 with greater sensitivity than those based on conventional methods [22]. One major challenge in ICA for battery aging analysis is its sensitivity to measurement noise.…”