A Role for Proneural Genes in the Maturation of Cortical Progenitor Cells

Britz, Olivier; Mattar, Pierre; Nguyen, Laurent; Langevin, Lisa-Marie; Zimmer, Céline; Alam, Sharmila; Guillemot, François; Schuurmans, Carol

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj168

Cited by 157 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…1B). As expected, only the EB condition expressed transcripts for the ectodermal gene Ascl1 [47]. To determine whether the collagen gel-cultured cells with epithelial-like morphology expressed endoderm-specific markers, we performed immunofluorescence staining for the major endoderm transcription factors Foxa2 and Sox17.…”

Section: Culture Of Es Cells On Collagen Gels Selectively Induces Endmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…We then analyzed these day 10 populations by RT-PCR for epiblast (Oct4 and Fgf5) [49], endoderm (Foxa2 and Sox 17), mesoderm (GATA1, Runx2, and Foxf1) [44,45], early mesodermal patterning (Paraxis and Lefty2) [50,51], and neuroectoderm (Pax6, Ascl1 [Mash1], and Ngn2) markers [47,52] (Fig. 2B).…”

Section: Activin Decreases Endoderm and Increases Epiblastspecific Gementioning

confidence: 99%

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Activin Alters the Kinetics of Endoderm Induction in Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured on Collagen Gels

et al. 2007

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Embryonic stem cell-derived endoderm is critical for the development of cellular therapies for the treatment of disease such as diabetes, liver cirrhosis, or pulmonary emphysema. Here, we describe a novel approach to induce endoderm from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells using fibronectin-coated collagen gels. This technique results in a homogeneous endoderm-like cell population, demonstrating endoderm-specific gene and protein expression, which remains committed following in vivo transplantation. In this system, activin, normally an endoderm inducer, caused an 80% decrease in the Foxa2-positive endoderm fraction, whereas follistatin increased the Foxa2-positive endoderm fraction to 78%. Our work suggests that activin delays the induction of endoderm through its transient precursors, the epiblast and mesendoderm. Long-term differentiation displays a twofold reduction in hepatic gene expression and threefold reduction in hepatic protein expression of activintreated cells compared with follistatin-treated cells. Moreover, subcutaneous transplantation of activin-treated cells in a syngeneic mouse generated a heterogeneous teratoma-like mass, suggesting that these were a more primitive population. In contrast, follistatin-treated cells resulted in an encapsulated epithelial-like mass, suggesting that these cells remained committed to the endoderm lineage. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel technique to induce the direct differentiation of endoderm from mES cells without cell sorting. In addition, our work suggests a new role for activin in induction of the precursors to endoderm and a new endoderm-enrichment technique using follistatin. STEM CELLS 2008;26:474 -484 Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.

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Section: Culture Of Es Cells On Collagen Gels Selectively Induces Endmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Activin Decreases Endoderm and Increases Epiblastspecific Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Activin Alters the Kinetics of Endoderm Induction in Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured on Collagen Gels

et al. 2007

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“…In mouse, Ascl1 is expressed in a subpopulation of progenitors in the dorsal telencephalon 61, 62 . Eomes (Tbr2) is present in intermediate progenitors in the cortex in the embryo and in the dentate gyrus both in the embryo and the adult and is part of the glutamatergic differentiation cascade that also contains NeuroD and Tbr1 80 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subdivisions of the adult zebrafish pallium based on molecular marker analysis

et al. 2014

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Background: The telencephalon shows a remarkable structural diversity among vertebrates. In particular, the everted telencephalon of ray-finned fishes has a markedly different morphology compared to the evaginated telencephalon of all other vertebrates. This difference in development has hampered the comparison between different areas of the pallium of ray-finned fishes and the pallial nuclei of all other vertebrates. Various models of homology between pallial subdivisions in ray-finned fishes and the pallial nuclei in tetrapods have been proposed based on connectional, neurochemical, gene expression and functional data. However, no consensus has been reached so far. In recent years, the analysis of conserved developmental marker genes has assisted the identification of homologies for different parts of the telencephalon among several tetrapod species. Results: We have investigated the gene expression pattern of conserved marker genes in the adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio) pallium to identify pallial subdivisions and their homology to pallial nuclei in tetrapods. Combinatorial expression analysis of ascl1a, eomesa, emx1, emx2, emx3, and Prox1 identifies four main divisions in the adult zebrafish pallium. Within these subdivisions, we propose that Dm is homologous to the pallial amygdala in tetrapods and that the dorsal subdivision of Dl is homologous to part of the hippocampal formation in mouse. We have complemented this analysis be examining the gene expression of emx1, emx2 and emx3 in the zebrafish larval brain. Conclusions: Based on our gene expression data, we propose a new model of subdivisions in the adult zebrafish pallium and their putative homologies to pallial nuclei in tetrapods. Pallial nuclei control sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, like memory, learning and emotion. The identification of pallial subdivisions in the adult zebrafish and their homologies to pallial nuclei in tetrapods will contribute to the use of the zebrafish system as a model for neurobiological research and human neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…The duration and location of these cues are critical to producing the final cortical architecture (FukuchiShimogori and Grove, 2001, Parnavelas et al, 2002, Rakic, 2002, Shimogori et al, 2004, Rash and Grove, 2006, Storm et al, 2006. The advent of methods that allow for spatially-and temporally-restricted inactivation of genes, including the Cre/loxP system, has allowed significant advances in identifying the roles of many of these cues in specific events during cortical development [for example (Gorski et al, 2003, Machon et al, 2003, Fuccillo et al, 2004, Hanashima et al, 2004, Mizutani and Saito, 2005, Britz et al, 2006, Kessaris et al, 2006]. These techniques, however, introduce potential confounds that need to be considered during the design of experiments and interpretation of data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of Foxg1 expression by knock-in of Cre recombinase: Effects on the development of the mouse telencephalon

et al. 2007

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The Cre/loxP system is used routinely to manipulate gene expression in the mouse nervous system. In order to delete genes specifically from the telencephalon, the Foxg1-cre line was created previously by replacing the intron-less Foxg1 coding region with cre, resulting in a Foxg1 heterozygous mouse. As the telencephalon of heterozygous Foxg1 mice was reported to be normal, this genotype often has been used as the control in subsequent analyses. Here we describe substantial disruption of forebrain development of heterozygous mice in the Foxg1-cre line, maintained on the C57BL/6J background. High resolution magnetic resonance microscopy reveals a significant reduction in the volume of the neocortex, hippocampus and striatum. The alteration in the neocortex results, in part, from a decrease in its tangential dimension, although gross patterning of the cortical sheet appears normal. This decrease is observed in three different Foxg1 heterozygous mouse lines, independent of the method of achieving deletion of the Foxg1 gene. Although Foxg1 is not expressed in the diencephalon, three-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy revealed that thalamic volume in the adult is reduced. In contrast, at postnatal day 4, thalamic volume is normal, suggesting that interactions between cortex and dorsal thalamus postnatally produce the final adult thalamic phenotype. In the Foxg1-cre line maintained on the C57BL/6J background, the radial domain of the cerebral cortex also is disrupted substantially, particularly in supragranular layers. However, neither Foxg1 heterozygous mice of the Foxg1-tet line, nor those of the Foxg1-lacZ and Foxg1-cre lines maintained on a mixed background, displayed a reduced cortical thickness. Thus Cre recombinase contributes to the radial phenotype, although only in the context of the congenic C57BL/6J background. These observations highlight an important role for Foxg1 in cortical development, reveal noteworthy complexity in the invocation of specific mechanisms underlying phenotypes expressed following genetic manipulations and stress the importance of including appropriate controls of all genotypes. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Development of the cerebral cortex relies on extracellular cues and intrinsic signals that instruct the proliferation, differentiation and migration of neuronal precursors. The duration and location of these cues are critical to producing the final cortical architecture (FukuchiShimogori and Grove, 2001, Parnavelas et al., 2002, Rakic, 2002, Shimogori et al., 2004, Rash and Grove, 2006, Storm et al., 2006. The...

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A Role for Proneural Genes in the Maturation of Cortical Progenitor Cells

Cited by 157 publications

References 58 publications

Activin Alters the Kinetics of Endoderm Induction in Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured on Collagen Gels

Activin Alters the Kinetics of Endoderm Induction in Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured on Collagen Gels

Subdivisions of the adult zebrafish pallium based on molecular marker analysis

Disruption of Foxg1 expression by knock-in of Cre recombinase: Effects on the development of the mouse telencephalon

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