A role for Th1-like Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders

M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor–reactive Th17 cells in primary Sjögren’s syndrome

“…From the results, it seems that M3R-reactive Th17 cells react to a specific M3R peptide, while IFN-γ single producing Th1 cells react to multiple peptides. Since IFN-γ single producing Th1 cells are reported to have lineage stability, IL-17 and IFN-γ double producing cells, which we identified after M3R stimulation, are likely to be Th17.1 cells (35). Recently, Th17.1 cells are reported to participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (36)(37)(38).…”

“…IFN-γ has been reported to be a proinflammatory cytokine involved in SS pathogenesis (34), and we previously identified peripheral M3R-reactive IFN-γ-secreting cells among SS patients (13). It is known that, due to the plasticity of Th17 cells, they produce not only IL-17, but also produce IL-17 and IFN-γ, which can also be referred to as Th1-like Th17 cells, or Th17.1 cells (35). Here, in vitro assessment of antigen-specific T cell response was assessed, clarifying that the main M3R peptide 83-95 increased IL-17-producing cells together with IL-17 and IFN-γ double producing cells, but not IFN-γ single producing cells, when compared with control M3R peptide.…”

Relationship between Th17-mediated immunity and airway inflammation in childhood neutrophilic asthma

“…Th17 cells represent a distinct lineage of CD4 + Th cells, and mediate neutrophilic in ammation [10] . It's well know that Th17 cells are characterized by the production of IL-17, IL-22 and IL-6 [17,18] .…”

“…RORγt is an essential transcription factor, which plays a central role in differentiation of Th17 cells from naive CD4 + T cells, and is required for maintenance of IL-17 expression in differentiated Th17 cells in human [10] . We evaluated the differences of the RORγt mRNA expression in PBMCs among the asthmatics with different inlfammatory phenotypes.…”

“…Whereas, it has been shown that the eosinophilic/atopic phenotype of asthma driven by Th2 mechanisms is not the only immunologic pathway contributing to asthma [7,8] . Recently, a new T helper cell subset has been identi ed, namely, Th17 cells, which is characterized by the secretion of IL-17 and the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), and can promote neutrophilic in ammation [10] . Some studies, especially in the murine asthmatic models have showed that Th17 cells and IL-17 also seemed to be involved in asthma pathogenesis [11,12] .…”